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完形填空

瞻前顾后,谨慎选择

文章既明,就开始选择。完形填空的每个空格究竟该选哪个选项才恰当,取决于以下几个方面:

1.语境。它包括选择项与所在句子的语义联系,所在句与周围语句在意义上的关系,所在句在本段中所起的作用,所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及与文章内容主线的关系。有些选择项根据上下文就能比较容易地做出正确判断,而有些选择项则必须根据整篇文章的大意才能推断出。

通常根据语境出题的题型为词汇复现题以及逻辑推理题。

(1)词汇复现:词汇复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现。语篇中的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。

词汇复现又可分为原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、上下义复现(即总括与分述,如animal是sheep,tiger等词的上义词;rose是flower的下义词)等。

例Justin was really good at basketball and he thought it was the only way out of his school. He could run with the　　　fast and beat any of the older boys at the court and the younger boys didn’t have a chance.?

A.toy B.ball C.key D.flag

解析　本题虽考查名词词义,但实际是一道词汇复现题,根据第一句中“Justin擅长打篮球”,可以判断下文提到的是“他可以带球跑得很快”,故ball复现了basketball。

答案　B

(2)逻辑推理:根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案,逻辑关系包括并列关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、对比关系等。

例At last, to my total shame, another student took my place. I　　　 that my father rewrote my first article himself, instead of simply trying to help me to improve it. But in my heart I knew it was my fault because I allowed him to do it.?

A.agreed B.realized C.remembered D.complained

解析　最后一句的含义是“但是在我心里我知道是我的错,因为我允许了他这么做”。通过此句,我们可以推断出作者在上一句中表达的是对他爸爸的抱怨与不满。

答案　D

例I worked with all the students in Ronny’s class one by one to improve their reading skills. On the days when it was Ronny’s 　　　　, I’d give him a silent smile, and he’d fly out of his chair. He sat very close to me and opened the book as if he was opening a treasure nobody had ever seen.?

A.team B.term C.turn D.tour

解析　此题考查相近词形的名词辨析。team是“团队,组”,term是“学期”,turn是“翻转,机会”,tour是“旅行”。结合上文中的one by one我们可知作者是逐个地提高学生的阅读能力,所以指轮到Ronny了。

答案　C

例The young boy caught Mrs. Smith’s attention because he wore a patch over one eye. She felt 　　　 at how natural he seemed to be even though he lost one of his eyes.?

A.bored B.angry C.surprised D.tired

解析　此题考查形容词辨析。通过下文提到的男孩儿尽管失去了一只眼睛,戴着眼罩,但很是自然,所以史密斯夫人觉得很“吃惊”。

答案　C

例It was several days later that he was finally able to have a talk. I held his hand 　　　 afraid of hurting him.?

A.happily B.gently C.safely D.hardly

解析　后面说到害怕弄疼他,应该是“轻轻地”握着他的手,故选gently。

答案　B

2.常识背景。通过了解必要的常识背景来解题,如考生自身的生活经验、文化背景知识以及科普常识等。

例When he saw the　　　 “Mother’s Day” card he realized it was Mother’s Day.?

A.same B.healthy C.old D.beautiful

解析　依靠对节日的了解及生活常识,母亲节贺卡应该是“漂亮的”。

答案　D

考生也可利用排除法进行答题。总之,判断正确答案要从多角度去考虑,把语境、语法、常识、固定搭配等有机结合起来。综合考虑是做完形填空的较好的方法。

三、复读全文,仔细检查

完成选择后,最好再用一两分钟将短文从头看一遍。为了使这一遍阅读顺畅,建议考生第二步就把选择的词语填在空格中。阅读时,对感觉不恰当的,可尝试这样的解题步骤:

第一步:纵观加联想。通读全文,掌握大意。在通读的过程中,通过前后联想,猜测空格词的意思,达到掌握大意的目的。

第二步:先易且定夺。对照选项再读全文。验证、修正原来的猜测,将有把握的答案确定下来。这时往往绝大多数小题都已解出。

第三步:攻难再复读。重点检查尚未解出的小题的前后句子,解出那些原来拿不准的少数题。

第四步:反思并修正。将所选单词放入原文中,重读全文,看看有无逻辑上的问题,发现错误、改正错误。

总之,在平时学习中考生要加大对基础知识的学习,在语言知识的灵活运用上狠下功夫,不能一味以语法为中心,忽视语言的实际交际作用,多阅读各种不同文体的文章,尤其是夹叙夹议类文章,多揣摩作者的意图,达到熟能生巧的目的。

中考真题精练

一

2020上海中考

Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）

How to Succeed in High School

You have been familiar with the learning environment in your middle school, and it feels like home. So it is not always easy to say"____75____ " to middle school.

After entering high school, you may face some new challenges. The schoolwork may become more difficult and require greater skills. Most students need support. Teachers and parents may give you a hand. However, you can't____76____others all the time. What can you do？Here are some suggestions：

Understand what kind of learner you are. Do you need silence to focus？Then make sure the TV is not on when you are studying. Provide yourself with a____77____ learning environment at home. Some students focus better in the morning；others at night. Find the right____78____ so that your efforts will work well.

Learn to be better organized. It might be helpful when you get used to making a to—do—lit of all your schoolwork, and checking each item off when it is completed. Try to____79____your work. This will create smaller, more manageable tasks out of the larger ones. Big projects seem less difficult if they are done step by step.

Form good reading habits. Read every day — the more, the better. It doesn't matter what you read. Reading newspaper regularly is a good choice. Newspapers provide plenty of details and background.____80____,information you get from newspapers is usually official and true.

High school life can be enjoyable. Old friendships might come undone and new ones will develop. Hope you will feel confident and perform well in high school!

75. A. hello B. bye—bye C. sorry D. thanks

76. A. care for B. depend on C. compete with D. worry about

77. A. warm B. clean C. quiet D. safe

78. A. time B. place C. habit D. skill

79. A. divide B. finish C. remember D. correct

80. A. For example B. In brief C. On average D. In addition

二

2019上海中考

Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）

This month，we had the honor of interviewing and six local change-makers aged from 11 to 17.These weren’t stopped by their age or size or lack of resources ，they saw a___50___ in the world around them and to step hep where they could.They support female soldiers raise moneythrough their efforts，teach other kids about life lessons，and use their free time to___51___the old trees we love so dearly in the community.Each of them had adults in their lives encouraging and supporting their work.

We were also honored to interview a famous writer for his new book，Start Now!You Can Be a Change-maker.The book explains some of the world's big problems-hunger， health and animals in danger-in a way that young children can understand.The book shows them，through other kids' stories，how they can make a ___52___，too.In our interview with the writer，he shares that each time his children take a small action，such as recycling，he talks with them.He uses the moment to discuss how small changes can achieve a great effect.It's a step any of us can take to help children realize how___53___ they are.

At this time of year，we often hear lots of questions from parents.The most one is___54___，"What volunteer chances are there for young children under 16?”The kids in the interview and in the book show us that parents don't have to find an organized event for their kids to take part in.They can create their own chances.As parents，teachers，aunts， uncles，and friends，it's our job to ___55___ for what speaks to a child's heart，help them take that first step，and watch what their little hands can do.

Start now，and you can raise a change-maker.

Editor of PARENTS Magazine

50. A. sign B. need C. reason D. change

51. A. worry about B. climb up C. care for D. cut down

52. A. plan B. mistake C. decision D. difference

53. A. powerful B. generous C. happy D. active

54. A. private B. useful C. common D. rude

55. A. listen B. pay C. wait D. l eave

三

2018上海中考

Choose the best answer and complete the passage(选择最恰当的选项完成短文)(12分)

Chins Mobille 4G 16:74 43%

Teaching material discussion group (15)

Hi! I 'm doing a survey of teaching materials in school. What kind of textbooks do you use? Do you think the use of photocopied(复印的) netbooks and newspaper articles in the classroom can be accepted? Please give your__75__.

The use of such materials is certainly not __76__ for writers. Textbooks are like other creative works. Many people have to put their efforts in the writing of a book. The efforts of the writers and publishers will be totally wasted if everyone photocopies their textbooks. I can’t imagine that!

I don' t think it right to use photocopied materials even in the classroom because it's against the law. Teachers should set a good example for their students by __77__ the law.

Copied books are as good as copyrighted(正版的)ones, but they don't __78__ much, usually less than half the price. In addition, it is so __79__ to use copied materials. When we want to share something good we just have it photocopied. I think photocopying is OK because publishers are still making a lot of money anyway.

Most of the time, teachers make sure their students do not use photocopied materials. But I know some teachers do use photocopied newspaper articles som 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 en work on a summary for an hour, then have lunch, etc.

1. A. escape B. beat C. survive D. change

2. A. process B. example C. relationship D. generation

3. A. took it up B. look it up C. make it up D. pick it up

4. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something

5. A. longer B. stricter C. lighter D. easier

6. A. If B. Even if C. Now that D. As long as

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以上为《届上海中考英语真题分类精解与解题技巧专题6.完形填空》的无排版文字预览，完整格式请下载

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