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现在完成时（一）

定义：现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

结构：助动词have/ has + 过去分词 【规则动词的过去分词的变化（构成）与过去式的一样；不规则八下p136-137】

现在完成时的基本用法：

强调不久前完成的动作对现在仍有的影响，常与just（刚刚），already（已经），yet（已经），never（从不），ever（“曾经”常用于一般疑问句），before（以前），so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。

例1：I have already seen the film. 我已经看过那部电影了。(现在我知道电影的内容了。)

例2：Have you seen my bag yet? 你看到我的手提包了吗? (你知道它在哪里吗? )

强调直到现在为止的经历，常与never，ever连用。

例3：He has never been late for school.他上学从未迟到过。

表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续下去；动词必须用延续性动词，常与“for+一段时间”，“since+过去的时间点”，so far等时间状语连用。

例4：Since he was a child，he has lived in England. 他从小就一直住在英国。

表示某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次，常与once，twice，three times等连用。

例5：He says he has been to America three times. 他说他已经去过美国了次了。

易错要点：现在完成时不能和明确指出过去时间的状语连用，

如last week，yesterday，just now，when I came in等。

例6：I have read that book just now. ( X ) 例我刚刚读过那本书。

| have just read that book. (V )

【实战训练1】

1、The old man _________ last year. He?_________ for a year. (die) （动词填空）

2、This factory opened twenty years ago. (同义句转换)

　 This factory?____________ for twenty years.

3、He?has? _______ been?to?Shanghai , has?he ?

　 Ａ.? already?? Ｂ.never??? Ｃ.ever??? Ｄ. still

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year

Ａ. is?writing??? Ｂ.was?writing??? Ｃ.wrote? Ｄ.has? written

5、- Our country? ______ a lot so far. -Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

　 Ａ. has?changed ; well?? Ｂ.?changed ; good Ｃ. has?changed ; better Ｄ.?changed ; better

6、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

　　Ａ.?will?see???? Ｂ.?have?seen???? Ｃ.?saw?? Ｄ. see

7、- ______ you ___ your? homework?yet ? - Yes . I _____? it? a? moment? ago .

Ａ.? Did ; do ; finished??? Ｂ.? Have ; done ; finished

Ｃ.? Have ; done ; have? finished?? Ｄ.? will ; do ; finish

8、Hurry?up! The? play __________ for? ten? minutes .

　　Ａ.? has? begun Ｂ. ?had? begun Ｃ.? has?been?on Ｄ.? began

现在完成时的句式

肯定句：主语 + have/ has +过去分词 + 其他

例 You have worked for a long time.



否定句：主语 + haven’t/ hasn’t +过去分词 + 其他

例 He hasn’t worked for a long time.



一般疑问句：Have/ Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ 其他？

例 Have you worked for a long time？





肯定回答：Yes, I have.

否定回答：No, I haven’t.



特殊疑问句：

特殊疑问词+ have/ has （+主语）+过去分词+ 其他？

例 — Where have you been？

— I’ve been to the cinema.



【实战训练2】

He will be back ______two weeks.

A.in B.after C.for D.since

2、-Have you read these books?-Yes,I_____it three days ago.

A.have done B.have read C.read D.did

3、I haven’t watered the plants_______.I have to do that in a minute.

A.already B. just C.yet D.ever

4、- Have you cleaned the house______? — Yes ,I have ______cleaned it.

A.already;yet B.yet；yet C. already；already D. yet；already

现在完成时（二）

在现在完成时中，要正确区分have/ has been to与have/ has gone to的用法，正确区分already与yet的用法，正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时的用法。

Have/ has been to与have/has gone to的区别

have/has been to指“曾经到过某地”，说话时某某人很可能不在那里，已经回到说话处，侧重经历；

have/ has gone to指“已经去了某地”，说话时某某在那里，或可能在路上，通常用第三人称作句子主语。

例1：He has gone to Shanghai. （他去了上海。）

He has been to Shanghai. （他去过上海。）

already与yet的区别

already与yet都可用于现在完成时，already 常用于肯定句中；yet常用于否定句和疑问句句末。

already 意为 “已经”；yet 意为 “已经（用于否定句中，意为“还（没）”）” 或不译。

例2：My mom has already come back from Tianjin. 我妈妈已经从天津回来了。

例3：Have you found your gasses yet？你找到你的眼镜了吗?

例4：Jack hasn’t finished reading the book yet. 杰克还没有看完那本书。

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

强调内容不同: 两者所表示的动作都发生在过去，但现在完成时强调这一动作对现在的影响或结果；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示与现在的关系。

例5：I have closed the door. 我已经关上门了。(现在门是关着的。)

例6：I closed the door just now. 我刚才关上门了。(只表示“关门"这个动作。)

时间状语不同: 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday，last week，two days ago，just now，in 2016等；现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，现在完成时的时间状语有: ever，never，already，yet, recently, before, just, so far, since last week, since two days ago, for three years，how long，in the last/past five years等。

例7：They built two hospitals last year. 去年他们建了两个医院。

例8：They have built two hospitals so far. 到目前为止，他们已经建了两个医院。

例9：Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past five years.

在过去的5年里，我的家乡发生了很大变化。

现在完成时与一般现在时的区别

现在完成时表示动作从过去某个起点开始做，做到现在，但不表达将来还要继续做。一般现在时表示动作经常做、习惯性地做，即过去、现在、将来都要做。

例10：Karen often goes to school by bike. 卡伦经常骑自行车去上学。(以后还会经常骑车去)

例11：Laura has had her bike for two years. 劳拉买这辆自行车两年了。(到现在两年，和未来没有任何关系)

现在完成时(三)

现在完成时表示从过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，如since，for，how long等，谓语动词用延续性动词。

“since...”，“for..”及how long的用法

since可以接过去的某一时间点，也可以引导时间状语从句，从句常用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时。常用于固定句式“It is+时间段+since+一般过去时的从句”。

例1：My sister has worked in the company since she came here. 我姐姐自从来到这儿一直在***工作。

(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。)

例2：It is ten years since Bob left the hometown. 自从鲍勃离开家乡已经10年了。

(主句用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。)

for接一段时间，用来说明动作延续的时间长度。

例3：He has been abroad for two years. 他已经出国两年了。(for+时间段)

How long表示“多长时间”，在现在完成时中，常用来对“since+过去的某一时间点” “since+从句”或“for+一段时间”提问。

例4：— How long have you lived here? 你们在这里住了多长时间了?

一Since 1989. 自1989年以来。

Since和for的句式可以相互转换：since + 时间段 + ago = for + 时间段

例5：I have learnt English since two years ago.

= I have learnt English for two years.

延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换

非延续性动词(瞬间动词)可以用于完成时，但不能与延续性的“for +时间段”和“since+时间点”短语连用，也不能用于how long提问的疑问句中。常见的非延续性动词转换成延续性词组如下:

Buy → have had (买) borrow → have kept (借入)

leave → have been away(离开) die → have been dead (死)

come back → have been back (回来) begin → have been on(开始，开着)

join → have been a member of(加入) open → have been open (开办)

get up → have been up(起床) get married → have been married (结婚)

stop → have been over(结束) close → have been closed (关闭)

catch a cold → have had a cold(感冒) put on → have worn (穿)

wake up → have been up (醒来) fall asleep → have been asleep (睡着)

become → have been(成为) start/ begin → have been on (开始)

例6：

一How long have you __________the car?

一For about two months.

A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. lent

解析:延续性动词和非延续性动词的区别在于:两者表示的动作是否可以持续，选择延续性动词还是非延续性动词的判断标准由答语的时间来决定。答语的时间表示时间段时，用延续性动词，反之，用非延续性动词。答案:B

【现在完成时综合训练】

( ) 1. Beijing is a beautiful city. Susan _________ there before.

A. go B. have been C. went D. is going

( ) 2. I know you very well because we __________ friends for many years.

are B. were C. will be D. have been

( ) 3. It is ten years since he _______ to Shanghai.

moves B. moved C. is moving D. have moved

( ) 4. Lucy ____ yet. I'm waiting for her.

came back B. has come back C. hasn't come back D. isn't come back

( ) 5. 一When _____ you _______ the car? 一Last week.

A. have; bought B. will; buy C. do; buy D. did; buy

( ) 6. 一 _______you ________ your book? 一No, so I have to buy a new one today.

Did: find B. Have; found C. Are: finding D. Will: find

( ) 7. 一why is Mary unhappy? 一She _______ her English exam yesterday.

passes B. passed C. didn't pass D. doesn’t pass

( ) 8. I left my book on the desk and now it's gone; who _______ it?

A. took B. has taken C. will take D. is going to take

( ) 9. 一You seem to know much about the city. 一That’s true. I ________ it three times.

A. visited B. am visiting C. have visited D. will visit

( ) 10. Bob _________ Jenny for three years. She changed a lot.

A. have seen B. haven't seen C. am seeing D. will see

( ) 11. I _______ your last point ---- could you say it again?

A. didn’t quite catch B. don't quite catch C. won't quite catch D. can't quite catch

( ) 12. I feel sure I _______ him before somewhere.

was to meet B. have met C. am going to meet D. would meet

( ) 13. It has been ten years ______ we knew each other.

since B. for C.when D. before

( ) 14. You _______ your t 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 changed

( ) 29. Mr.Fan _________ this watch in 2005. He ___________ it for 10 years.

A. bought; has had B. bought; has C. has bought; has had D. has bought; had

( ) 30. Our country _______ the sixth population census (人口普查) already.

A. finished B. has finished C. will finish D. finishes

( ) 31. I ________ my hometown for a long time, I really miss it!

left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from

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