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宾语从句

学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。

一、宾语从句的定义：宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语

作动词的宾语：I heard that he would come here later on.

主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语

作介词的宾语:

He said nothing about who broke the window last night.

主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语

二、宾语从句中引导词(连接词)的用法。在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：

连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if

代词：who, whose, what ,which

副词：when ,where, how, why 等。

一)、连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if

He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学.

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车.

Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试.

1、that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)

可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：

say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit,

deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request,

require, propose, declare, report等。

The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

注意：宾语从句的否定转移

当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.

I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?

I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?

We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?

如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.

We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?

我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？

当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。

Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?

You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?

They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?

She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?

练习题

(1) I don’t think he is right,__________?

A．isn’t he B．is he C．do I D．don’t I

(2). He believes she is right, __________?

A．doesn’t he B．does he C．is she D．isn’t she

(3).I thought that he disliked playing football,__________?

A．didn’t he B．did he C．did I D．didn’t I

(4). I find _____ important that we practice English every day.

A. it B. this C. that D. what

(5). You can’t imagine ____when they received the nice gift.

A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited

在以下情况中that不能省略

1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。

I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will get better.

2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。

Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black

silk cap.

3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。

I can’t tell him that his mother died.

4、当it作形式宾语时

例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．

许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。

5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe．

6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;

2、由whether,if 引导的宾语从句

当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：

I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：

①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether(if…or not也可

以使用)。如：

Let me know whether /if he will come or not．(＝Let me know whether or not he will come)

让我知道他是否能来。

I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not．(＝I don't know whether or not he does any

washing．)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我们是去还是留。

②在介词之后用whether。如：

I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.

我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。

③在不定式前用whether。如：

He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。

He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。

④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：

Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。

⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：

Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。

⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：

Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：

If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我

只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句

①if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.

②if引导否定概念的宾语从句时He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.

③引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时He talks as if he has known all about it.

二)、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句

这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词

常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder,

discover, understand, inform, advise等。

①连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。

连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.

Do you know who has won Red Alert game?

你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？

The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.

这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.

Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?

你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?

②连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.

Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?

你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?

None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.

练习题：

(1) I don’t know ___________or not.

A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home

(2) This depends on _________ the weather is fine.

A. which B. whether C. if D. that

(3) The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in.

A. which B. where C. if D. that

(4) I don’t know ________ Mr. Green will come to see us. He’ll help us with our English.

A. why B. when C. how D. where

(5) --- Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear ______ I said? David?

--- Yes, Mum

A. what B. that C. why D. if

(6) --- Do you know _______ Mr Black’s address is?

--- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I’m not sure of ______.

A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where

(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really don’t know _____.

A. what should I choose B. which I should choose

C. which should I choose D. what I should choose

三、宾语从句的语序

无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句(主语＋谓语＋……)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：

1)连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which等。如：

Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？

The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？

2)连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how

many，how much等。如：

He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。

The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。

3)连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who(m)，what，which，

how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if ／whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。如：

He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。

Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？

4)连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，

how many，how much，how等。如：

Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？

She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

练习题：

(1) Did you find out ______?

A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for

C. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for

(2) Are you interested in _____?

A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it

(3) I don’t know _____. Can you tell me?

A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players

C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are

(4) --- What did the scientist say?

--- He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day.

A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly

(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ____?

A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank

C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where

(6)She asked Tom ________ with his car?

A. what the matter was B. what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what is the matter

四、宾语从句的时态

时态：

主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.

主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 t

16、Lucy looks stronger_______Lily.

A．than B．as C．then D．not as

17、I know nothing about it _______he told me

.A．because B．since C．until D．after

18、You must make your new house clean and safe _______you move in.

A．because B．when C．before D．until

19、I was_______tired_______I couldn't walk on.

A．so…that B．too…to C．very…that D．very…to

20、I thought he_______to see his mother if he_______ time.

A．will go…has B．will go …will have C．would go …would have D．would go …had

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