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上海师范大学标准试卷

20 ~ 学年 第 学期 考试日期 20 年 月 日

科目 管理学原理 （开卷）

行政管理 专业 本、专科 四 年级 2 班 姓名 安某某 学号 ***4

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一

二

三

四

五

六

七

八

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我承诺，遵守《上海师范大学考场规则》，诚信考试。 签名：________
_______

答题要求：英文作答。

一、选答题。在以下题目中选择4个题?回答，答题标明序号，答题超过四个题目的其他题目不得分。(每题15分，共60分)

1 、什么是“管理”、“管理者”、“组织?标”?以分析三者之间的关系为基础，梳理管理的基本职能。 2 、以霍桑实验为例，介绍行为学派的主要管理思想及其特点。

3 、以?个企业为案例，对其进行?般环境分析和任务环境分析。

4 、介绍并且解释平衡计分卡的内容、价值和基本框架。

5 、什么是决策?如何某某、解决策模式和决策条件?决策的基本步骤包括哪些?

6 、对?矩阵结构和团队结构，介绍他们各自的特征和优缺点。

7 、介绍权?的来源，尝试分析授权的原则与授权艺术。

8 、介绍人员选拔的常用技术，结合彼得原理谈?谈你对人员选拔的理理解。

二、必答题 (40分)

以一个企业为例，利用战略管理分析模型和SWOT分析模型，介绍该企业的愿景和目标、战略环境和战略选择。并且分析该企***层面战略选择和竞争层?的战略选择的特点与利弊。

选答题

什么是“管理”、“管理者”、“组织?标”?以分析三者之间的关系为基础，梳理管理的基本职能

Management：People-centered through planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, controlling and innovating to make effective decision-making, planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the human, material, financial, information and other resources owned by the organization, in order to efficiently achieve the established The process of organizing goals.

Manager：The manager is the main body of the management behavior process. The manager is generally composed of people or groups who have corresponding rights and responsibilities and have certain management ability to engage in practical management activities.

Organizational objectives ：It is the future state that the organization strives to achieve and hope

Basic functions of management ：French management scholar Fayol initially proposed to divide the basic functions of management into planning, organization, command, coordination and control

1. Planning function

Fayol stressed that "management should foresee the future". He believes that if predictability is not the whole of management, it is at least a basic part of it. There are many different ways to plan performance. Its main performance, obvious sign and most effective tool is the action plan.

2. Organizational functions

Fayol points out that good planning requires good organization. Organization is the division of labor for the implementation of enterprise plans; To organize an enterprise is to provide all necessary raw materials, equipment, capital and personnel for the operation of the enterprise.

3. Command function.

Fayol requires commanders to: thoroughly understand their subordinates; Eliminate those who are unable to work; Very familiar with the agreements that bind the enterprise and employees; Set an example; Regularly review the organization's accounts and use summary charts to facilitate this work.

4. Coordination function

Coordination is to make all the work of the enterprise coordinate harmoniously, so as to facilitate the smooth operation of the enterprise and facilitate the success of the enterprise.

5. Control function

Control is to verify whether each work is consistent with the established plan, whether it is consistent with the issued indicators and established rules.

2 、以霍桑实验为例，介绍行为学派的主要管理思想及其特点。

Human psychological consciousness and spiritual activities are unpredictable and inaccessible. Psychology should study human behavior. Behavior is a combination of body reactions of organisms to adapt to environmental changes. These reactions are not only muscle contraction and gland secretion, but also a complex reaction process involving external stimulation and brain participation. This process can be adjusted by changing the way and intensity of external stimulation.

The main ideas for introducing the behavioral school through the Hawthorne experiment are:

1. Employees are "social people". Before the emergence of the interpersonal relationship theory, the popular view in Western society was to regard employees as "economic people". Based on the results of the Hawthorne experiment, Mayo et al. proposed a "social person" that differs from the "economic person" viewpoint The point of view, emphasizing that money is not the only motivation to stimulate the enthusiasm of employees, the new stimulus must focus on social and psychological aspects to enable better cooperation between people and increase productivity.

2. There are "informal organizations" in the enterprise. Since human beings are high-level animals in society, in the process of working together, people will inevitably contact each other, and common social feelings form informal groups.

3. Meeting the social desire of workers and improving their morale are the key to improving production efficiency. According to the traditional scientific management theory, there is a simple causal relationship between production efficiency and operation methods and working conditions. However, Hawthorne's experiment shows that there is no necessary direct connection between the two. The key to the improvement of production efficiency lies in the working attitude of workers, that is, the improvement of work morale.

5 、什么是决策?如何某某、解决策模式和决策条件?决策的基本步骤包括哪些?

Decision making: it refers to the analysis and judgment process of selecting a satisfactory scheme from more than two schemes by adopting certain scientific methods and means in order to achieve a certain goal.

Decision-making mode: The decision-making mode is the expression of the objective law of the decision-making process in the decision-making system, and it is the law that decision-makers must follow when making decisions.

Decision-making conditions: refers to the favorable conditions and unfavorable factors that affect the realization of the decision-making goal

Basic steps in decision making：

Determine decision goals. Decision-making goals refer to the results predicted on the basis of market research and research under certain external and internal environmental conditions.

Formulate alternatives. After the decision-making goal is determined, various options for achieving the goal should be formulated. To formulate alternative plans, the first step is to analyze and study the external factors and internal conditions, positive factors and negative factors for the realization of the goal, as well as the future movement trend and development status of decision-making things

Evaluate alternatives. After the alternatives are drawn up, the evaluation of the alternatives follows

Options. The selection scheme is to choose the best scheme by the decision makers after the overall trade-off of various alternatives.

action plan. Any plan has practical significance only after it is actually implemented, and the implementation plan is the foothold of decision-making.

Feedback evaluation plan. Through the tracking, inspection and evaluation of decision-making, the deviation of decision-making execution can be found, so that measures can be taken to control the decision-making.

6、对?矩阵结构和团队结构，介绍他们各自的特征和优缺点。

Matrix structure: It combines functionally divided departments and product-based groups to form a matrix. A manager not only maintains organizational and business contact with the original functional department, but also participates in the work of the project team. The functional department is a fixed organization, and the project team is a temporary organization. After completing the task, it will be automatically disbanded, and its members will return to work in the original department.

The advantages of the matrix structure are:

(1) Combining the horizontal and vertical relationships of the enterprise is conducive to collaborative production.

(2) Personnel allocation for specific tasks is conducive to giving full play to individual advantages, gathering the strengths of many families, improving the quality of project completion, and improving labor productivity.

(3) The irregular combination of personnel in various departments is conducive to information exchange, increase mutual learning opportunities, and improve professional management level.

The disadvantage of 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 advantages of team structure

(1) If the leader of the group does not make clear requirements, the team lacks clarity;

(2) Poor stability, the team must continuously pay attention to management;

(3) Although team members understand common tasks, they do not necessarily know their specific tasks very well. They may even ignore their own work because others are too interested in their work.

二、必答题

以一个企业为例，利用战略管理分析模型和SWOT分析模型，介绍该企业的愿景和目标、战略环境和战略选择。并且分析该企***层面战略选择和竞争层?的战略选择的特点与利弊。

[文章尾部最后500字内容到此结束,中间部分内容请查看底下的图片预览]

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