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is highly desired for 非常渴望

have been widely selected for 已被广泛选择

is located at the top of 位于顶部

is conducive to 有利于

are prone to do 容于做

resulting in 导致

which would be a good strategy to inhibit 哪一个是抑制的好策略

which is an attractive candidate to do sth/sth 哪个是有吸引力的选择

consist of 由 组成

need to be fixed on sth 需要固定在

it is desired to design a facile strategy to prepare sth

be ordered from 从 订购

be pretreated with用 处理

be performed on 在 下进行

The microstructure of samples was obtained by transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 样品的微观结构由透射电子显微镜和x射线能谱仪获得。

was carried out 进行

were collected on 被收集的

were obtained from 被获得

Electrochemical tests were performed using CHI 660E electrochemical workstation in an H-type electrolytic cell separated by Nafion 211 membrane. 电化学测试采用CHI 660E电化学工作站，在Nafion 211膜分离的h型电解池中进行。

were applied as 被应用作为

was first saturated with 首先被 饱和

15N labeling experiments were carried out using 15N2 as feeding gas detected by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR, 500 MHz) spectroscopy. 15N标记实验以15N2为进料气体，采用1H核磁共振(NMR, 500 MHz)光谱检测。

was measured by 由 衡量

The standard concentration-absorbance curve calculated from the standard NH4Cl solution was used to estimate the ammonia concentration. 用标准NH4Cl溶液计算出的标准浓度-吸光度曲线来估计氨的浓度。

The possible by-products of N2H4 in the electrolyte were assessed using the method of Watt and Chrisp 采用瓦特法和克里斯普法对电解液中N2H4可能的副产物进行了评价

Based on the concentration-absorbance curve obtained from the standard concentration N2H4 solution, the yields of N2H4 in the electrolyte were calculated. 根据标准浓度N2H4溶液的浓度-吸光度曲线，计算了电解液中N2H4的产率。

The sample morphology was first investigated by SEM, in which we can see homogeneous mesopores in the Ru/Au film. 首先利用扫描电镜(SEM)对样品形貌进行了研究，发现Ru/Au薄膜中存在均匀的介孔。

plays an indispensable role in 在 中扮演重要角色。

Sth is more likely to happen 某事是 更容易去发生

but the scarcity and high cost make them difficult to achieve industrial-scale application. 但其稀缺性和高成本使其难以实现工业规模的应用。

it is in great need to search and identify earth-abundant alternatives. 它非常需要寻找和确定地球上丰富的替代品

It is well-established that+句子 众所周知 。

be of great benefit to 对 来说是有利的

It is thus natural to expect that 值得人们期待的是

It is noticed that 值得注意的

has emerged as 已经成长为

is capable of doing sth 能够做某事

is widely applied to 被广泛应用于

Electrochemical denitrification as an effective strategy for mitigating nitrogen pollution in industrial effluents and restoring the ecological environment (electrochemical NO3? removal is appealing strategy to alleviate the nitrogen pollution in industrial sewage and restore ecological environment) 电化学脱氮是缓解工业污水中氮污染和恢复生态环境的有效策略

It is very urgent to search for efficient NO3-reduction reaction (NO3RR) electrocatalysts to achieve selective NH3 synthesis.( It’s in great need to search efficient electrocatalysts for NO3? reduction reaction (NO3RR) toward selective NH3 synthesis.) 它是非常迫切的去寻找高效的NO3-还原反应（NO3RR）的电催化剂以实现选择性的NH3合成。

Research interest has therefore shifted to the development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts for the electroreduction of NO3-. ( As a result, research interest has been shifted to develop non-noble metal electrocatalysts for NO3? electroreduction.) 因此，研究兴趣已经转移到开发用于NO3-电还原的非贵金属电催化剂。In this regard, efficient and stable heterogenous catalysts are still deserved to be developed for NO3RR. (Therefore, highly efficient and stable non-homogeneous NO3RR electrocatalysts are still worth developing.) 因此，高效稳定的非均相NO3RR电催化剂仍值得开发。

Carbon nanotubes have been widely used in carbon carriers due to their unique structural properties to avoid particle aggregation. (carbon nanotubes have been widely developed as carbon supports to avoid particles aggregation due to the unique structural properties) 碳纳米管由于其独特的结构特性已被广泛应用于碳载体，以避免颗粒的聚集.

It is worth mentioning that 值得注意的是

Stability is also an important parameter for the assessment of electrocatalyst(Stability is also a parameter that cannot be ignored when assessing electrocatalysts) 稳定性也是评价电催化剂性能的一个重要参数。

a considerable number of 许多的，大量的，

consist in 存在于

The crystal structure was further characterized by XRD. The XRD pattern of mesoporous RuAu films scraped from NF shows clear diffraction peaks at 38.4°, 44.0°, 64.9°, 77.8°, and 81.9°, attributing to the crystalline surfaces of (111), (200), (220), (311), and (222), respectively. ( The crystal structure was further characterised by XRD. The XRD patterns of the mesoporous RuAu films scraped from the NF show distinct diffraction peaks at 38.4°, 44.0°, 64.9°, 77.8° and 81.9°, attributed to the crystalline planes (111), (200), (220), (311) and (222) respectively.) 晶体结构通过XRD进一步表征。从NF中刮出的介孔RuAu薄膜的XRD图谱显示，在38.4°、44.0°、64.9°、77.8°和81.9°处有明显的衍射峰，分别归属于（111）、（200）、（220）、（311）和（222）的结晶面。

The chemical composition and electronic structure of samples were analyzed by XPS. As shown in Fig. 3b, the XPS spectra of mRuAu/NF verify the presence of Ru and Au elements.( The chemical composition and electronic structure of the specimens were analysed by XPS. As shown in Figure 3b, the XPS spectra of mRuAu/NF confirms the presence of Ru and Au elements.) 通过XPS分析了样品的化学成分和电子结构。如图3b所示，mRuAu/NF的XPS光谱证实了Ru和Au元素的存在。As shown in high-resolution XPS of the Ru 3p core level (Fig. 3d), the samples show two distinct peaks at 463.2 and 485.5 eV, which are attributed to Ru 3p1/2 and Ru 3p3/2 orbitals of Ru0, respectively.( As seen in the high-resolution XPS map of the Ru 3p nuclear level (Fig. 3d), the sample has two obvious peaks at 463.2 eV and 485.5 eV, which are ascribed to the Ru 3p1/2 and Ru 3p3/2 orbitals of Ru0, respectively.) 从Ru 3p核级的高分辨率XPS图(图3d)中可以看出，样品在463.2 eV和485.5 eV处有两个明显的峰值，这两个峰值分别来自Ru0的Ru 3p1/2和Ru 3p3/2轨道.

can be explained by the existence of 由 的存在来解释

the positive shift of the Ru 3p is related to a downshift of the d-band center, which can cause reduced hydrogen adsorption energy on Ru, while the negative shift of the Au 4f can enhance the nitrogen adsorption on Au, thus promoting the highly selective hydrogenation of nitrogen to ammonia. (The positive shift of ruthenium 3p is associated with a downward shift of the d-band centre, which may lead to a reduction in the adsorption energy of hydrogen on ruthenium, while the negative shift of gold 4f enhances the adsorption of nitrogen on gold, thus facilitating the highly selective hydrogenation of nitrogen to ammonia.) 钌3p的正移与d波段中心的下移有关，这可能导致氢在钌上的吸附能量减少，而金4f的负移可以增强氮在金上的吸附，从而促进氮向氨的高选择性氢化。

The electrochemical synthesis of NH3 easily generates the by-product N2H4. According to the UV-vis adsorption curves of the N2H4 solution, no by-product generation was detected in all electrolytes. (The electrochemical synthesis of NH3 readily produces the by-product N2H4, and according to the UV-vis adsorption curves of N2H4 solutions, no by-product production was detected in any of the electrolytes) 电化学合成NH3容易产生副产物N2H4。根据N2H4溶液的紫外-可见吸附曲线，所有电解质均未发现副产物的产生。

Based on the above conclusions, it can be demonstrated that 催化剂 is high activity and selectivity for NOXRR.

To investigate the effect of 不同催化剂 on the activity, the NOxRR performance of samples prepared from different催化剂 was measured.

Compared with the catalytic performance of samples with different 催化剂 for the electrochemical ammonia synthesis, the 目标催化剂 also possesses superior NOxRR performance to the 催化剂1 and 催化剂2.

As shown in Fig. S9, ignorable ammonia is observed in both electrolytes, suggesting that trace nitrogen contamination in the environment has no apparent impact on the performance of electrochemical ammonia synthesis. (Negligible ammonia is observed in both electrolytes, suggesting that trace nitrogen contamination in the environment has no significant effect on the performance of electrochemical ammonia synthesis.) 如图S9所示，两种电解质中均存在可忽略的氨，说明环境中微量的氮污染对电化学合成氨的性能没有明显影响。

In addition, the NOxRR performance of NF was performed under the same conditions, indicating the formation of a very small amount of ammonia.

Furthermore, 15N isotope labeling experiments wer 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 fuels emits nitrous oxides (NOx); fertilizer-intensive agriculture releases NO3? into soil and groundwater; and NO3?-containing waste is discharged from industrial sources. (Human activities have led to an increase in the concentration of NO3- in the environment over time: the burning of fossil fuels emits nitrous oxides (NOx); fertiliser-intensive agriculture releases NO3- into the soil and groundwater; and industrial sources emit waste containing NO3-).

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