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英语句子成分及基本结构 (一)句子成分的定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分有主语(subject)和谓(predicate);
次要成分有表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补足语(complement)和同位语(appositive)。(二)句子的具体成分主语(subject):主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 1During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. (名词)
2We often speak English in class. (代词)
3One-third of the students in the class are girls. (数词)
4?To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
? 5 Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
6 The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
7?When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
8 It is necessary to master a foreign language.
(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)谓语(predicate) 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
?1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.?2、复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 表语(predicative) 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 Our teacher of English is an American. (名词)
Is it yours? (代词)
The weather has turned cold. (形容词)?
The speech is exciting. (分词)
? Three times seven is twenty one? (数词)His job is to teach English.(不定式)His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)The mach 内容过长,仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览,全文请查看图片预览。 hurry up, or you will be late.
This house belongs to Mr.Smith;it costs millions of dollars.
3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句等。
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall
This is the book that I want.
I think that he is right. [文章尾部最后300字内容到此结束,中间部分内容请查看底下的图片预览]
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