18. 音标讲解教程
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音标
英语国际音标表（48个）
元音（20个）
长元音 /XXXXX:/ /?:/ / ?:/ /i:/ /u:/
短元音 /?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /?/
双元音 /e?/ /a?/ /??/ /??/ /e?/ /??/ /??/ /a?/
辅音（28个）
轻辅音 /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/
浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/
轻辅音 /?/ /h/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/
浊辅音 /?/ / r/ /dz/ /d?/ /dr/
鼻音 /m/ /n/ /?/
半元音 /j/ /w/
边音 /?/
*嘴巴的形状会直接影响到发音的效果，口型对了，不需要短促有力，发多久也是对的
元音
单元音
1. /i:/ /i/ /e/ /?/
1). /i:/
音高 咧嘴 舌尖抵下齿， 像笑一样
/i:/ 发这个音的字母和字母组合 e ea ee
bee/bi:/ meat /mi:t/ team /ti:m/ sheep/?i?p/
piece/pi:s/ keep /ki:p/ sweet /swi:t/ thief /θi:f/
eg. Can you see the green leaves of each tree in the field.
Speeding on the freeway.
He and she.
2). /i/
嘴唇微张，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍微抬高，舌头略微向后缩
/i/发这个音的字母和字母组合 i e(begin) y(happy) ey(monkey) ay（sunday）
big /big/ dig /dig/ kick /kik/ tip /tip/
zip /zip/ quick /kwik/ fish/fi?/ nick /nik/ Jim /d?im/
eg. Be quick! Be quick! We’ll go to the cinema. What is it? It is a ticket.
*/i:/ & /i/对比练习：
sit/sit/ ship/?ip/
seat/si:t/ sheep/?i?p/
hit/hit/ hill/hil/
heat/hi:t/ heal/hi:l/
sleep/sli:p/ eat/i:t/
slip/slip/ it/it/
reach// seek//
rich// sick//
eg.
Been/bean I ate a bean./I have been there.
Eat/ it I eat it.
Beat/ bit The beat is a bit strong.
Keys/ kiss Give me a kiss for the keys.
Feet/ fit These shoes fit my feet.
Peel/ pill Don’t peel that pill.
Sheep/ ship There are sheep on the ship.
These/ this These are better than this one.
Deed/did He did the deed.
Cheek/ chick The chick’s cheek is soft.
3). /e/
唇形扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍微隆起（下巴向下“点”）
/e/ 发这个音的字母和字母组合 e ea
egg bell desk leg
pet bread head elephant
eg. The vet is fed up with that wet, dead pet.
Who lead Ted to the dead head in the bed?
4). /?/
嘴张大且拉向两边，呈扁平型，舌尖抵下齿
/?/发这个音的字母和字母组合 a
dad cap bad apple stand
eg. Cat! Cat! Catch that fat cat.
I cannot imagine Sam wrote a bad exam.
Dad patted the cat.
[ e ] 和 [ ? ] 对比 ：
bed – bad met - mat Ken – can men - man sent – sank
shed – shack let – lad set – sat peck – pack bet – bat
red – rat jet – Jack
*四个音标对比：
/i:/ heat
/i/ hit
/e/ het
/?/ hat
例句：
The beans have been cooking since six o’clock.
Sit in that seat by the window.
We ate our meal, by the mill.
The seal will live in the ocean.
Tim’s team grinned after seeing the green field.
Pip and Pete shipped the sheep cheaply.
Those bins are for Bill’s beans.
Does Jim still steal Jill’s jeans?
The girls put concrete on Jill’s sneakers.
Pick cherries at their peak or you will eat the pits.
2. /u:/ /?/ /?:/ /?/
1). /u:/
嘴型小而圆，嘴唇外凸，尽量向前，舌头向后缩，发此音喉咙和腮帮有略微紧张感
发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo ui
Blue Booth News Juice Loosen Ruler
Food Choose Mood Moving Loop Knew
eg. The room in the school was very cool.
Viewing the moon on June nights.
Do you remember the woman who lived in a shoe? She hadn’t a clue what
to do when her family grew. Well, through your help, they are moving in
June into two big boots
2). /?/
嘴唇张开，略向前突出，上嘴唇向上翘，嘴型收圆并放松，舌后部向上抬起，舌头后缩
发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo u
. Foot Took Cook woman
Good Look Book Put
eg. Where’s the cook book ?
Please take a look.
*一般情况下，在字母”l, m, n”前面，”oo”发长音/u:/;
而在字母 “t, d, k”前面，”oo”发短音/u/
*/u:/和/?/对比
a. 同一单词中两种音都有
Wood
Would you help me?
Hollywood, California
b. food---foot
pool---pull
fool---full
例句
He took a good look under the hood and found a flute.
Julie enjoys good books after school.
He put his foot in the new boot.
She took her students to the brook to wash their shoes.
We pulled him out of the swimming pool.
The fool ate until he was full.
3). /?:/
双唇收的小而圆，向前突出，舌身向后缩
发这个音的字母和字母组合al au ou aw (or oor)
Small draw talk tall strawberry
Author caught autumn bought horse floor
eg. Paul plays basketball.
I am Paul. I am tall. Give me a call.
I'm looking forward to meeting you.
Force yourself to do more.
It's important for us to practice more.
4). /?/ （与/?:/的口型几乎完全相反）
口型完全张开，嘴张大，舌头向后缩，双唇稍微收圆,像“啊”
发这个音的字母和字母组合 o a
Hot Top Stop Probably Follow
Not Sock Product Solve Problem
eg. Bob opened the box and followed the instructions.
Tom put some cotton, rocks and a doorknob in his locker.
His mom made a concrete model of a hockey rink.
/?:/和/?/的对比
Pot----port shot----short
*四个音标对比
/u:/---boot fool
/u/---book full
/?:/---bought fall
/?/---bot
3. / ?:/ /?/ /XXXXX:/ /?/
1). / ?:/
嘴型扁平，上下齿微微张开，舌头放平，舌中部微微抬起，有齿间距，肌肉略微紧张
发这个音的字母和字母组合 er ir ur ear or
Her serve bird girl dirty nurse
Thursday turtle early learn word world
eg. The nurse saw a turtle on her purple curtain.
He died of the burns he received in the fire.
The girl is a nurse.
2). /?/
嘴唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，舌中部微微隆起
发这个音的字母和字母组合 ure er ar or a e
Picture teacher dinner sister sugar
Doctor panda above about China
eg. What’s the matter with you?
I’d like to have dinner with you tonight.
The operation is a success and now the patient is out of danger.
3). /XXXXX:/
口腔打开，嘴张大，舌身放平，舌尖不抵下齿，下巴收低，放松发音 (与读“啊”的区别就是下巴要往下)
发这个音的字母和字母组合 a ar au ear
Grass class plant fast car
March car dark laugh heart
eg. It’s too far to see the shark; It’s too dark to see the shark. Oh! The shark’s teeth are sharp.
If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.
The farm is far from the park.
4). /?/
嘴唇微微张开，伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，舌后部稍微抬起，齿间距为两指的高度
发这个音的字母和字母组合 o u oo ou
Son come love supper us
Sun gun touch cousin country
eg. Hurry up! Hurry up! A duck cuts a bug in the mud.
This cup is made of stainless steel.
Under the bus.
/XXXXX:/和/?/的区别
Cut----cart luck-----lark duck----dark
Tough---task far---fun bus-----bath
*单元音绕口令
1.Betty Bought a bit of better butter. “But,” she said, “this butter’s bitter. If I bake this bitter butter. It would make my batter bitter. But a bit of better butter. That would make my batter better.” So she bought a bit of butter. Better than her bitter butter. And she baked it in her batter; And the batter was not bitter. So it was better Betty Botter. Bought a bit of better butter.
2. I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I won't wish the wish you wish to wish.
3. All I want is a proper cup of coffee made in a proper copper coffee pot, you can believe it or not, but I just want a cup of coffee in a proper coffee pot. Tin coffee pots or iron coffee pots are of no use to me. If I can't have a proper cup of coffee in a proper copper coffee pot, I'll have a cup of tea!
4. I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I thought.
5. A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed blood.
A big black bug bit a big black bear. Where's the big black bear the big black bug bit?
双元音
发音要领：发音时，由第一个音向第二个音滑动，口型有个过程。
双元音都是“降读式”，即先高某某，先长后短，先重后轻。
/ei/
嘴巴从大到小，口型由半开到闭合，发音前长后短，前重后轻. /e/到/i/滑动 -(”A”
发这个音的字母和字母组合a ai ay
Cake name snake rain train
Pain paint day play way
eg. Rain, rain, go away. Come again another day. Little kids, want to play. Rain, rain go away.
He kept us waiting for ages while he packed his luggage.
The baby snake lived in a painted cage.
No pains, no gains. 不劳无获
2./ai/
/a/重读，/i/轻读，口型由大到小，牙齿由全开到闭合--( “I”
发这个音的字母和字母组合 i y ie uy
Kite nice tiger by fly
Why tie pie buy knife
Eg. Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.
Never say die.
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁
3./ ?i/
前重后轻，双唇由圆形’ ?’到扁形” i”
发这个音的字母和字母组合 oi oy
Oil boil coin boy toy
Eg. One boy is a boy. Two boys are half boy. Three boys are no boy.
Some soils are not suitable for farming.
The spoiled boy’s annoying voice
4. /a?/
前重后轻，口型由大到小，双唇收圆，舌后部逐渐慢慢抬高(舌位由低到高)
发这个音的字母和字母组合 ou ow
House mouse 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 ells shells on the seashore,
I’m sure she sells seashore shells.
How much wood, would a woodchuck chuck
if a woodchuck could chuck wood?
He would chuck, he would, as much as he could,
and chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would
if a woodchuck could chuck wood.
5. Which witch, wished which wicked wish?
While we were walking, we were watching window washers wash Washington’s windows with warm washing water.
If two witches would watch two watches, which witch would watch which watch?
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