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语法专项二：代词

教 学

内 容

中考考点三：代词



重 点

难 点

 1. 人称代词和不定代词的用法。

2.常考代词的用法。



教 学

目 标

掌握代词的基本用法和重点用法。

在句子中正确使用代词。



教

学

过

程

针

对

性

授

课

一．人称代词：

人称 数与格

单数

复数





主格

宾格

主格

宾格



第一人称

I

 me

we

 us



第二人称

you

you

you

you



第三人称

it/she/he

 it/her/him

they

them



1.主格做主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语.

He teaches ______(we) Chinese.

2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为:

（1）单数: 二, 三, 一 （ you > he/she, it > I）

You, he and I should return on time.

（2）复数: 一, 二, 三 (We , you and they );

We, you and they are all students.

注意： 在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。a. 在承认错误，承担责任时，

It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了。 Who broke the window ? I and Mike .b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称

I and you try to finish it.c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时: I and Mike like playing basketball.d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。

I and Jack who is my best friend went to Beijing last summer.

二.物主代词.

人称

第一人称

第二人称

第三人称



数

单数

复数

单数

复数

单数

复数



形容词性

my

our

your

your

its/his/her

their



名词性

 mine

ours

yours

yours

its/his /hers

theirs



用法：形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。

名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。

Our classroom is as big as ______(they) .=______ ______

This is a friend of ______(my). (双重所有格）

注: 1)名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.

（名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词）

2)形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.

My own house = a house of my own = a house of_____

三. 反身代词

人称和数

单数

复数



第一人称

myself

ourselves



第二人称

yourself

yourselves



第三人称







记忆小窍门:

反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self,复数ves来某某f替.

反身代词的常用搭配:

1.enjoy oneself = have a good time

We enjoyed ourselves during the holiday.

2.hurt oneself 伤了某人自已

I hurt myself.

注：(1) “伤”， 是及物动词，可以做主动、被动。

I hurt myself. I was hurt. I hurt my leg. My leg was hurt.

“疼”，不及物动词，没有被动.

My leg hurts. 我的腿疼。

3. teach oneself ... = learn…by oneslf

I teach myself English. = I learn English by myself. 4. all by oneself =by oneself

4.help oneself to sth.

Help yourself to some fruit, Jim.

5.look after oneself

Jack often looks after himself when his parents are on business trip.

6.leave sb by oneself

You can't leave your baby by himself.

7.lose oneself in

I lost myself in the world the author created.

8.say to oneself

The old man often says to himself.

9.for oneself 为自己

One should not live for oneself alone.

10. by oneself

I can do it by myself ,我自己能做.

11..dress oneself

My sister is too young to dress herself.

12.improve oneself 努力提高自己

She works hard to improve herself in English.

四.指示代词

1.近指: this these 远指: that those

2.用法:

1)that those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复. That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词.

The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai .

The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop.

A.this B.that C.one D.those

2)that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句子.

He had a bad cold , that is why he didn’t come .

3)在电话用语中,this 代替自己,而that 代替对方.

This is Tom speaking . Who is that ?

五.不定代词的区别.

1.one与it 的区别

One 代替同类事物中的一种. 而it代替上文中出现的某事物.

This book is a good one . May I borrow it ?

注：it 还有一些特别的用法。

1）用作形式主语,常某某 “It’s +adj +to do sth”句型中.

2) 用在句型: “It seems that …”中.

3) 用在句型: “It’s one’s turn to do sth”中.

4) 用在句型: “It’s time to do sth / for sth”中.

5) 用在句型: “It’s +adj +that 从句”中.

6) 用作形式宾语, 用来代替动词不定式. make /think /feel/find + it + adj (名词)+ to do sth .

one代替同类事物中的一种（常是可数名词），some代替不可数名词同类事物。

2.some与any 的区别

(1) 一般情况下,some用于肯定句,

any用于否定,疑问句中.

He asked me for ______ paper , but I didn’t have______.

Are there ______ books on the desk?

(2) any可以用于表达疑问概念的条件句中。If you are looking for any stamps, you can find them in my drawer.If you have any trouble, please let me know.

(3) 但在表建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,仍用some 代any.

常某某could / would / May 开头或what about /how about …. 的句中。

May I have some water ?

Would you like some tea?

3.many与much的区别

many+可数名词的复数 much+不可数名词

都相当于 a lot of (lots of )+复数名词/不可数名词

注:a lot of/lots of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .

4.a few /few /a little /little 的区别

用法

表否定(几乎没有)

表肯定(有一点/几个)



修饰可数名词

few

a few



修饰不可数名词

little

a little



 The story is easy to read . there are _____ new words in it .

Hurry up ! There is _____ time left .

Don’t worry! We have ___________ time to get there.

5.each / every 的区别

each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.

every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.

There are trees and flowers on _____ side of the street .

______ student has read the story .

注:each 可以与of 连用, each of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数.而every 不能与of 连用.只能放在名词前作定语.

Each of us _______(study ) hard .

6.no one 与none 的区别

no one 表示没有人, 不能与of 连用。

none of +复数名词/ 代词，作主语时，谓语常用单数。.

The boys were all tired , but _____ of them stopped to have a rest .

7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别

都

都不

任何一个



两者之间

both

neither

either



三者或三者以上

all

none

any



There are many trees on ____ side of the river . A. both B.any C.either D.all

注: 1). both 的否定词是neither , all的否定词是none.

2).both of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数.

neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.

Neither of the answers ______(be) right .

Both of my parents _______(be) workers.

3). none of 作主语时，谓语动词可以复数也可以单数，具体看语境：

None of us has ever been to the US.

我们之中没有任何一人去过US。（强调没有一个人去过，一个人，单数）

None of them are my friends.

他们都是我的朋友。（强调一群人所以复数）

4). all/all of

一般说来,all和all of 都可以放在有限定词(如冠词、物主代词等)修饰的名词之前。

All (of) my friends are working hard.我的朋友都在努力工作。

All (of) the food is good to eat.所有的食品都好吃。

注：All of 和all的谓语动词用单复数，要看后面接的名词

但是，如果名词前面没有限定词，则不能用all of。

误：All of children like watching TV.

正：All children like watching TV.

All of 后面还可跟人称代词宾格(us, you, them),all 则不能。

All of us are very busy.我们大家都很忙。

4).词组

A) both …and …连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数.

同义词组:not only …but also …

反义词组: neither … nor …

Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= ____ you _____ she like watching TV .= You like watching TV , _____ _____ she .

B) either …or … 或者……或者…… , neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则.

Neither you nor he ______ (be ) right .

One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _____ Lily _____Lucy _____ going to the park.

C) either 也可用于否定句中的 “也”

D) neither 也可表示 “ 也不” 句型: neither … sb 某人也不怎么样.

反义为So… sb.

If you don’t go there , _____ _____ I . (我也不去)

4) how many /how much 的回答:用none回答.

Who 的回答:用no one 回答.

What 的回答:用nothing 回答.

How many students are there in the classroom ? __________.

Who can answer the question ? _______.

A. None B.No one C.Nothing

8.other /the other /others /the others 的区别

(空)后面没有名词

(空)后面有名词



有数量限制(特指)

the others

the other



没有数量限制(泛指)

others

other



 the other+名词=the others 有一个范围内，除掉一些，其余所有的

other +名词=others 另一些

There are 20 teachers in our school . Eight of them are men teachers ,and _____ are women teachers.

Two boys will go to the zoo, and _________ boys will stay at home.

Yesterday we went to plant trees. Some were digging; some were planting; others are watering.

注: 1) one …the other … 表示两者之间的一个……另一个……

2) some… others… 表示一些…… 一些……

I have two brothers , one is a teacher , _________ is a worker .

Some are cleaning the classroom , ______ are sweeping the window .

3) another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单数.

但 another +数字+ 复数名词= 数字+ more +复数名词 表示 “ 另外几个……”

Would you like ______ apple ?

everyone

每个，人人，大家

不与of 连用



every one

每个人、物

可与of 连用



9.

Every one of us has seen the film .

Everyone should do their best .

10.复合不定代词.

some

any

no

every



thing

something

anything

nothing

everything



one

someone

anyone

no one

everyone



body

somebody

anybody

nobody

everybody



注: 1. some, something, someone, somebody多用于肯定句中

any ,anything ,anyone, anyboby 多用于否定句和疑问句中。

2.复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.

3.形容词修饰不定代词时, 形容词放在不定代词之后.

Is there ________________(一些有趣的事)in today’s newpaper ?

I have something important to tell you.

4.动词不定式修饰不定代词时, 动词不定式放在不定代词之后.

I have got nothing to eat.

5. else修饰不定代词时，放于不定代词之后.

Do you have anything else to do?

6.复合不定代词用于反义疑问句中,

1)指人的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用he 或they .

Someone opened the door, didn't he/they? 有人开了门，是不是？

Nobody went to the cinema, did they? 没人去看电影，是吗？

2)指物的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用 it .

内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 It works well.

A. something ?????? B. nothing ???? ?C. everything

79【2011XX省】 —Will you take part in the English speech competition tomorrow?

—Sure. I see it as a chance to prove_______.

A. myself???????????B. me????????????C. yourself????????? D. you

Keys: 1-5 CCCAA 6-10 CDCDC 11-15 CACCA 16-20 ADACA21-25 AACBC

26-30 DADAC 31-35 DCDCB 36-40CDCBC 41-45 BDCBA 46-50 CBAAC 51-55 DBCAC 56-60 ADDAD 61-65 BCDCB 66-70BBADC 71-75CBBAD

76-79 BBBA













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