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高中定语从句详细讲解

一 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 定语主要由形容词担任。此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词也可以做定语。a beautiful city; a bag full of money.注意：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面， 若是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，thirty women teachers ; his father; the girl in red. the boy from America Our monitor is always the first student to enter the classroom. falling leaves; fallen leaves; the boy playing basketball; the book bought by my mother; a reading room; a swimming poolHe is the man who you are looking for. 二：定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有when, where, why.1. I have an apple. An apple is red.I have an apple that/which is red.

↑ ↑ 先行词 关系代词 2.I like music. The music is quiet.  I like music that/which is quiet. ↑ ↑ 先行词 关系代词

The person will give us a talk. The person is famous.

The person who/that will give us a talk is famous.

 ↑ ↑ 先行词 关系代词

4 .The film was not interesting at all

They went to see the film last nightThe film that/ which they went to see last night was not interesting at all ↑ ↑ 先行词 关系代词5.The boys who/that are playing football are from Class One.

That is the teacher who/that teaches us physics.7.The professor who/whom/that we will visit lives far away

8.Mr Liu is the person whom/that you talked about on the bus.

9.This is the pen which/that he bought yesterday.

10. The girl whose father is a doctor is our classmate 11.I once lived in the house whose roof had fallen down. .12.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句，连接主从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。三，关系代词引导的定语从句1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。The man whom / who you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。4．that 即可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。5．Whose 即可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。注意：限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代词修饰时。如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. All that can be done has been done. 。There is little that I can do for you. He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. . 2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 4．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire , the old car is the only thing that he owns. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6．当先行词为人与物时。如：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 翻译下列句子：

他喜欢读鲁迅写的书。

He likes to read books which/that are written by Lu Xun

2.昨天我收到一封来自美国的信

Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from the USA

3.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人

Yesterday I helped an old man who/that had lost his way.

3.李明就是那个我想见的学生

Li Ming is the student who/whom/that I want to see

4.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是班长

The girl whom/that the teacher often praises is our monitor.

5.那个摔断腿的男孩被送往了医院

The boy whose leg was broken was sent to the hospital

我们想拜访的医生在哪里？

Where is the doctor who/whom /that we want to visit?

7李华是第一个到达教室的学生

Li Hua was the first student who/that arrived at the classroom.

8所有被邀请去参加他们婚礼的客人都是重要人物

All the guests that / who were invited to their wedding were important people

9.你做的一切都是有必要的

Everything that you did was necessary

10.1)这本书是这位作家写的书中的一本.

The book is one of the books that/which were written by the writter

2)这本书是这位作家写的唯一的一本书

The book is the only one book that was written by the writter

四．“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。1.The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which/where he once studied is very famous. 2.Shanghai is the city that/which I was born.

Shanghai is the city in which/where I was born.

3.I still remember the day that/which I first came to this school on.

I still remember the day on which/when I first came to this school.

4.The time that/which we got together at finally arrived.The time at which/when we got together finally arrived.

5.Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.

6.This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.

7. We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

8.The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.

9.Please tell me the reason which/that you are late for.

Please tell me the reason for which/why you are late .

The reason which/that he looks unhappy is unknown for

The reason for which/why he looks unhappy is unknown.注意：1. 含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误）２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。

The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正)

The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)

The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)

关系副词引导的定语从句1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。当先行词是表时间的名词，比如time, day, week, month, year等；且定语从句中缺时间状语时某某when. 若先行词是表时间的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。1）Do you remember the years when we lived in the countryside?

2）I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.

3) I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。若先行词是表地点的名词，比如park, city, farm, place等；且定语从句中缺地点状语时某某where. 若先行词是表地点的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。1) I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .

2)I know a place where we can have a picnic.

3)Shanghai is the city (which/that) I want to visit.

4)I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。若先行词是reason; 且定语从句中缺原因状语时，用why引导。若先行词是reason，定语从句中缺主语或宾语，用which/that引导。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. I didn’t believe the reason (that/which) he explained to me  注意事项:如何判断关系代词和关系副词方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.　I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.　 判断改错（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.　 （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.　 （对） This is the mountain village which/that I visited last year.　 （对） I'll never forget the days which/that I spent in the countryside.　方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?　A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one 答案:D例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?A. where　　B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one答案：　A关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

翻译下列句子：

1.我们昨天谈到的那本书丢了

The book about which we talked yesterday was lost

2你唯一可以求助的人就是你爸爸

The only person to whom you can turn is your fa 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 k. 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. (三) 以the way为先行词时，若定语从句中缺方式状语，定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且还可以省略。若定语从句中缺主语或宾语，用（that/which）引导定语从句。The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. I don’t like the way (that/which) he told me.做定语从句题一般分三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关联词

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