XX中考英语必考语法

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【一】中考语法考查

必考语法点之一:被动语态

考查形式:语选,完形,完成句子题型出现,尤其是完成句子。?

考察难度:考查的动词都是比较简单、拼写不会超过5个字母的单词,过去分词一般都是直接+ed出现,出题不难,要求掌握被动语态的判断、被动语态的结构和动词过去分词的正确拼写。?

要点归纳:?

1、?主语不能发出对应的动作(主语是没有生命的东西,一定是被动语态。主语是人,从意识上去判断该动作是不是该主语发出的)

2、结构:be+过去分词+(by+动作执行者)?

3、?掌握的几种形式:?

一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are/+动词的过去分词(v-ed)?+(by+动作执行者)?

一般过去时的被动语态:?was/were+动词的过去分词(v-ed)+(by+动作执行者)?

现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+动词的过去分词(v-ed)+(by+动作执行者)?

一般将来时的被动语态:?be going to/ will +动词的过去分词(v-ed)+(by+动作执行者)?

含有情态动词的被动语态:can/could/should/must+动词的过去分词(v-ed)+(by+动作执行者)?

3、?感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to?

Feel,?hear,?listen?to,?let,?have,?make,?see,?watch?observe,?notice,?look?at,?help?

例:make?sb?do?sth?=?sb?+be+made?+?to?do?sth?

4、?被动语态常考的固定搭配:?

Be?made?of??????Be?made?from? Be?made?in?????Be?used?for???Be?used?to?do?

注意下列短语和动词有“被动形式”,但没有被动的意思:

?be?used?to?doing?(习惯于做事)???Used?to?do?sth?(过去/曾经做某事)

Be?made?up?of?(由……成)????Be?well-known?for?(众所周知)

5、?无被动语态的不及物动词常考的有:happen,?take?place,?begin,?start,?end,?belong?to,?come?true.?

7、?主动表被动的动词:sell,?wash,?write,?和五个起来:feel,?smell,?look,?taste,?sound?

e.g.:?The?pen?writes?well.? He?looks?strong.?

例题一:

1.……George?11 ?that Grandma used to be a gentle lady, ……(2019年真题)

A. tell???????? B. told?????????? ??C. was told???????? D. has told

2.……When it was time for the villagers____8______to market, they were greatly surprised to find that the man’s potatoes____9____perfectly into three groups.(2019年真题)

9.A. are divided B. were divided C. are dividing D. Divided

3.…… they were greatly surprised to find that the man’s potatoes were____9____perfectly into three groups.(2019年真题)

9.A. divide B divided C. are dividing D. divides

例题二:

在中国人民的帮助下,肯尼亚在几个月前建成了一条新的现代化铁路。With the help of the Chinese 60.people, a new and modern railway in Kenya _____ ______ several months ago.(2019年真题)

was built

61.这项工程很快就会完成。

The project ________ ________ ________ soon.(2019年真题)

will; be; finished/completed(考查一般将来时的被动语态)

72. 根据奶奶的建议,这汤应该煮上两个小时以上。

The soup_________ _________ __________ for more than two hours according to Grandma.(2019年真题)

should be cooked(考查情态动词的被动语态)

74. 为了进一步美化校园,下个月会在学校种很多树。

Next month many trees __________ __________ __________ in our school to make it more beautiful.

will be planted

必考语法点之二:宾语从句

考查形式:语选、完成句子?

考察难度:考察全面,考查必须掌握引导词、时态和语序这三个要素。?

要点归纳:

一、含义:用一个句子来充当另一个句子的宾语成分,把整个句子叫做宾语从句。?

二、三要素:

1、?陈述语序?

2、?时态:主句为一般现在时,从句时态用相应的任何时候(根据从句句意确定)

主句为一般过去时,从句用相应的任何过去时态(根据从句句意确定)

从句是表示客观事实,从句一律用一般现在时

3、?连接词:that,?whether(……or not),?if,?what,?who,?which,?whose,?when,?where?ect.?

注意:that引导宾语从句不充当任何成分,只起连接作用

4、?宾语从句的简化:但主句的主语和从句的主语为同一人时,?从句可以简化为疑问词+不定式。

例题一:

…… "Now you heard?3 ?your mother said, George."……(207年真题)

3. A. that???????? B. what??????? ??? ? ? C. where??????????? D. which

……she didn’t know how __31???? it, she decided to have a try. She played and played, the whole day through, for months and years. The music she produced was never perfect, __32????each time it sounded a little better.(2019年真题)

A. played??? B. to play????? C. playing????? D. to playing

例题二:

62.我不明白为什么他们在这个时候踢足球。

I can't understand _______ _______ _______ ________ football at this moment.(2019年真题)

【解析】why they are playing(宾语从句,陈述语序,at this moment现在进行时)

我不知道他是否能准时到校。

I wonder ________ ________ ________ ________ to school on time.(2019年真题)

【解析】whether/if; he; can; get (宾语从句,陈述语序,主句一般现在时)

例题三:

75. 我们计划去XX,但还没决定何时去。

We are planning to go to Beijing, but we haven’t decided _______ ________ ________.

【解析】考查宾语从句简单句when to do的形式。

必考语法点之三:定语从句

考查形式:语选、完型?

考察难度:主要考查引导词的选择——关系代词that,?which,?who以及关系副词where,?when。?

要点归纳:

一、含义:用一个句子来修饰另一个句子的名词或代词?

二、先行词及关系词

1、?that:人或物,人+物?

2、?which:物?

3、?who:人?

4、?when?&?where:地点、时间?

记忆诀窍:从句完整则用when/where,不完整则用which、that,选项同时which?&?that,则一定不选which/that

注意:that引导的定语从句,在从句中充当宾语可以省略

that不引导非限制定语从句(逗号隔开的定语从句叫做非限制定语从句)

例题一:

George's grandma was a woman?9 ?was always complaining about something or other.(2019年真题)

A. who?????????? B. which?????????? ? C. where?????????? ? D. when

……One year, there was a young man___4_____received his share of the potatoes.…… (2019年真题)

A. who B. which C. what D. Whose

One year, there was a young man, ___received his share of the potatoes.

A.that B. which C. who D. Whose

But humans have created things like plastic bags ___28___ can’t be broken down by nature.

28. A. who B. which C. how D. where

【解析】:定语从句之关系代词。先行词为 plastic bags 在定语从句中做主语,故选关系代词that。

你在网上买的书,三天之后会送到你家。

You’ll receive the book which you ordered on the Internet after three days.

必考语法点之四:状语从句

考查形式:语选、完形、,完成句子,重点考查条件状语从句、目的壮语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句,时间状语从句往往结合过去进行时考查,主长从短:I?was?sleeping?when?you?came?in.?主短从长:When?he?was?watching?TV,?I?ran?in.?

完形填空出现一般都是选择正确的引导词。?

考查难度:考察较多的是引导词方面的,对于时态方面的考查较少。考生复习时除了要掌握状语从句各个连词的意义,同时也需要掌握“主将从现”“主祈从现”“主情从现”的时态要求。?要点归纳?

1、?时间状语从句:when?&?while?的运用?

注:while有“然而”的意思,表转折?

as soon as 一……就

not……until

4、if&unless

5、so ……that

6、so that

7、because

例题一:

His father was a farmer, and?4 ?farm they lived on was miles away from anywhere,?5 ?there were never any children to play (2019年真题)

A. but?????????? B. if???????????? ? ? C. or?????????????? D. so

1.The king took it to the palace, but __27???he played it, the harp sounded terrible.(2019年真题)

A. A.when?????? B. before?????? C. if????????????????? D. because

2.The offer was so simple __31__ Eileen thought she had heard wrong. But Patty repeated she was willing to help, and their journey to the operating table began.(2019年真题)

A.as B. which C. that D. until

3. ___30___ we continue making too much rubbish, the problem will only get worse. If nature can’t reuse the rubbish, ……

30. A. When B. Whether C. Why D. If

例题二:

昨fi我直到爸妈回家才睡觉。

Last night I_______ _______ to bed_________ my parents got home.

答案:didn’t go until

必考语法点之五:感叹句

考查形式:语选、完成句子?

考查难度:考查较简单,基本属于送分题。考生须掌握how和what引导的感叹句的基本句型,并且熟悉一些常用形容词和副词的拼写。?要点归纳:?

1、?what?+?a?/?an?+adj.?+单数名词(+?主语+?谓语)!?

2、?What?+adj.?+复数名词(+主语+?谓语)!?

3、?What+adj.?+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!?

常考的几个不可数名词:food,news,weather,fun,music,work,information,advice,suggestion。?注意:what引导的感叹句,主语+谓语可以省略。?

4、?What+?adj.?+a?/?an?+?单数名词(+主语+谓语)!?

5、?How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!?

6、?How?+?句子!

口诀:主谓排除,形后有名用what,形后无名用how

例题一:

59.小梅多么忙碌!她总是第一个来最后一个走。

______ _______ Xiao Mei is! She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(2019年真题)

How busy

63.这本书真有用啊!我看了很多遍。

________ ________ ________ book it is! I have read it many times.(2019年真题)

What; a; useful(考查考点:感叹句。中间不定冠词a易某某为an)

74. 这部电影真乏味啊!我都快睡着了。

__________ __________ ___________ movie it was! I almost fell asleep.(2019年真题)

What;a; boring

73. 你们自己算出了这道数学题。多么聪明的孩子啊!

You’ve worked out the maths problem yourselves. ____ ____children you are!(2019年真题)

What clever

常考语法点之一:动词

考查形式:时态、情态动词、动词短语、分词做形容词、非谓语动词

考查难度“动词是词法的核心,考查范围较大,难度较大

一、时态要点归纳

考点一:主将从现(在状语从句已经提到)

考点二:现在完成时4大用法:结果,延续,经历,移位

时间标志:for + 时间段、since+ 时间点/一般过去时的句子、already、yet、every、never、“How long…?”、含有“time”表示次数的句子中

要点归纳:

区分: have been to + 地点 曾经去过某地

have gone to + 地点 已经到某地去了

have been in + 地点+ for + 时间段

瞬间动词与延续性动词间的转换:

die – be dead buy—have borrow—keep leave/go—be away(from)

make friends—be friends begin/start—be on

arrive/get to/reach/come—be in/be at/stay

join (the Party)—be a (Party) member /be in (the Party)

核心句型:(现完)+since+(一般过去式)

考点三:过去进行时(在时间状语从句中考查)

考点四:一般现在时(客观真理)、一般过去时(在宾语从句中考查)

例题一:

George?13 ?into the kitchen and made Grandma a cup of tea with a teabag(2019年真题)

A. goes???????? B. went???????????? C. will go????????? D. has gone

……Grandma?2 ?in the chair by the window when she opened one little eye and said,."……(2019年真题)

A. sleep???????? B. sleeps???????? ? ? C. is sleeping?? ? ? D. was sleeping

As the other villagers_____5_____, he walked around the village laughing (2019年真题)

5. A. work B. was working C. were working D. work 内容过长,仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览,全文请查看图片预览。 the tea well and carried it into the living room?15 ?.(2019年真题)

A. care???????? B. careful????????? C. carefully?????? D. careless

In each home, men and women would__3__divide the potatoes into three groups, large, medium and small.(2019年真题)

A. busily B. busy C. more busily D. Busier

常考语法点之六:辨析词汇

一:“也”

also:用于肯定句中

Either:用于否定句

Too:用于肯定句句末(可以逗号隔开,也可以不隔开)

as well:用于肯定句句末(逗号不隔开)

二:“都”

All:三者或以上都(表肯定)

Both……and ……表示两者都

三:“在……中间”

Between……and……表示在两者之间

Among……在三者或以上中间

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