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J Intell Manuf (2013) 24:1071–1084 DOI 10.1007/s1***-8 Multi objective outbound logistics network design for a manufacturing supply chain N. C. Hiremath · Sadananda Sahu · Manoj Kumar Tiwari Received: 12 September 2011 / Accepted: 29 February 2012 / Published online: 29 March 2012 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 Abstract Outbound logistics network (OLN) in the downstream supply chain of a ?rm plays a dominant role in the success or failure of that ?rm. This paper proposes the design of a hybrid and ?exible OLN in multi objective context. The proposed distribution network for a manufacturing supply chain consists of a set of customer zones (CZs) at known locations with known demands being served by a set of potential manufacturing plants, a set of potential central distribution centers (CDCs), and a set of potential regional distribution centers (RDCs). Three variants of a single product classi?ed based on nature of demand are supplied to CZs through three different distribution channels. The decision variables include number of plants, CDCs, RDCs, and quantities of each variant of product delivered to CZs through a designated distribution channel. The goal is to design the network with multiple objectives so as to minimize the total cost, maximize the unit ?ll rates, and maximize the resource utilization of the facilities in the network. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem and a multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA) called non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm—II (NSGA-II) is employed to solve the resulting NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. Computational experiments conducted on randomly generated data sets are presented and analyzed showing the effectiveness of the solution algorithm for the proposed network. N. C. Hiremath · S. Sahu · M. K. Tiwari (B) Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal, India e-mail: mkt09@hotmail.com N. C. Hiremath e-mail: nchiremath@gmail.com S. Sahu e-mail: sahus@mech.iitkgp.ernet.in Keywords Outbound logistics network (OLN) · Outbound logistics network design (OLND) · Manufacturing supply chain · Mixed integer linear programming · Multiobjective genetic algorithm · NSGA-II Introduction A ?rm in a civilized and/or industrialized society exists for the sole purpose of satisfying the needs of the society through its value added products/services. The needs are better addressed and well served if and only if a right product/service reaches a right customer, at right place, in right time, in right quantity, in right quality, and at a right price. The onus of achieving all these deliverables rests with the outbound logistics part of a supply chain. This emphasizes the importance of a better designed and well balanced outbound logistics network in any supply chain. The outbound logistics network design (OLND) in a supply chain is a strategic decision-making problem, which is generally governed by multiple and con?icting objectives. The network design is affected and governed by four factors namely cost, quality, speed, and ?exibility. The customers expect to be served always with best possible quality at least possible cost and at best possible levels of speed and ?exibility. Thus, the degree of success of an outbound logistics network of a supply chain depends on how fast it is, how ?exible it is, and how ef?cient it is in delivering quality products to its customers. The ever increasing levels of globalization and competition are putting a demand for innovative and ?exible outbound logistics networks which can be?ttingly serve the aforementioned objectives. Hence, this paper proposes an innovative and ?exible outbound logistics network for a manufacturing supply chain where three variants of a single product are shipped through three different delivery channels 123 1072 J Intell Manuf (2013) 24:1071–1084 based on the nature of demand for each variant. The objective of the paper is twofold: (1) to design an ef?cient outbound logistics network which can deliver the product at desired speed through ?exible delivery channels, and (2) to ?nd different con?gurations of the network when the parameters are changed within the ambit of multiple objectives. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. The related literature is presented in the following section. Section 3 outlines the nature of the problem under consideration. The mathematical model is presented in section “Mathematical model”. Section “Multi objective optimization” describes the concepts and principles of multiobjective optimization, multi-objective genetic algorithms, and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. The solution methodology employed for the resulting mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem and the computational experiments carried out are discussed in section “Solution methodology and computational experiments”. Results and discussions are presented in section “Results and discussions”. Section “Managerial insights” outlines the managerial insights. Finally section “Conclusions” concludes the paper. Literature review a customer stage in the supply chain. Distribution is a key driver of the overall profitability of a ?rm because it affects both the supply chain cost and the customer experience directly (Chopra et al. 2008). They assert that logistics network design decisions have a significant impact on performance because they determine the supply chain con?guration and set constraints within which the other supply chain drivers can be used either to decrease supply chain cost or to increase responsiveness. Furthermore, it is widely felt and critically investigated that a distribution plan with low cost and high customer satisfaction in SCM is the need of present day industries (Lim et al. 2006). Distribution system design (Goetschalckx 2008) focuses on the following ?ve interrelated decisions: 1. Determining the appropriate number of plants and distribution centers 2. Determining the location of each plant and distribution center 3. Determining the customer allocation to each plant and/or distribution center 4. Determining the product allocation to each plant and/or distribution center 5. Determining the throughput and storage capacity of each plant and/or distribution center The logistics as well as supply chain network design is and has been a favourite topic of study among the supply chain research community. Since the emergence of supply chain management (SCM) discipline in 1980s many have actively studied and rigorously researched this topic and many facets of the ?eld have been showcased in different hues and cries. Since this paper discusses and proposes the design of an innovative hybrid and ?exible outbound logistics network for a multi-objective, multi-stage (or multi-echelon), deterministic, single period, single country, and strategic decision making problem in a manufacturing supply chain, we consider here only the related literature which fall under this purview. Researchers in the past have studied OLND in supply chains under various names and terminology. To quote them, we ?nd in the literature terms like ‘supply chain network design (SCND)’, ‘production-distribution network design (PDND)’ ‘production-distribution system design (PDSD)’, ‘logistics network design (LND)’, ‘outbound supply chain network design (OSCND)’, ‘supply chain con?guration (SCC)’, ‘supply chain design (SCD)’, etc., where majority of these connote the similar meaning and concept of planning and designing the physical structure of downstream supply chain, with a significant variation in case of SCC and SCD which do consider the entire gamut of supply chains i.e. from suppliers to customers. Distribution, in plain terms, refers to the steps taken to move and store a product from the manufacturer stage to The aforementioned steps imply that an outbound logistics network in a supply chain n 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 ernational Journal of Production Economics, 113(2), 678–693. Tiwari, M. K., Raghavendra, N., Agrawal, S., & Goyal, S.K. (2010). A hybrid Taguchi-immune approach to optimize an integrated supply chain design problem with multiple shipping. European Journal of Operational Research, 203(1), 95–106. Vidal, C., & Goetschalckx, M. (1997). Strategic production–distribution models: A critical review with emphasis on global supply chain models. European Journal of Operational Research, 98, 1– 18. 123 [文章尾部最后500字内容到此结束,中间部分内容请查看底下的图片预览]请点击下方选择您需要的文档下载。

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