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Project Life Cycle

The figure shows the four phases of the project life cycle and the relative amount of effort and time devoted to each phase. As the project moves through its life cycle, different organizations, individuals, and resources play dominant roles.

该图显示了项目生命周期的四个阶段，以及每个阶段花费的相对工作量和时间。随着项目在其生命周期中的移动，不同的组织、个人和资源扮演着主导角色。

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Projects are “born” when a need is identified by the customer—the people or the organization willing to provide funds to have the need satisfied. For example, for a growing family, the need may be for a larger house, whereas for a company the problem may be a high scrap rate from its manufacturing process that makes its costs higher and production times longer than those of its competitors. The customer first must identify the need or problem. Sometimes the problem is identified quickly, as in the case of a disaster such as an earthquake or explosion. In other situations, it may take months for a customer to clearly identify a need, gather data on the problem, and define certain requirements that must be met by the person, project team, or contractor who will solve the problem.

当客户——愿意提供资金来满足需求的人或组织——发现需求时，项目就“诞生”了。例如，对于一个成长中的家庭来说，可能需要更大的房子，而对于***来说，问题可能是其制造过程中的高废品率，这使得其成本更高，生产时间比竞争对手更长。客户首先必须确定需求或问题。有时问题会很快被发现，例如地震或爆炸等灾难。在其他情况下，客户可能需要几个月的时间来明确确定需求，收集问题数据，并定义解决问题的人员、项目团队或承包商必须满足的某些要求。

This first phase of the project life cycle involves the identification of a need, problem, or opportunity and can result in the customer’s requesting proposals fro 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 式按时完成。例如，当承包商完成了定制自动化系统的设计和安装，该系统令人满意地通过了性能测试并被客户接受时，或***内部的项目团队完成了一个项目，以响应将两个设施合并为一个的管理请求时，第三阶段就完成了

(995 words)

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