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语法长难句

第一节 简单句

一、什么是英语句子

英语必须具备主语和谓语，英语句子必须有主语和谓语，并且主语一定是谓语动作的发出者，如果有宾语的话，宾语一定是谓语动词的承受者或接收者

二、英语句子的基本结构

1、主谓

2、主谓宾 谓语：实义动词

3、主系表 谓语：系动词

①be ②感官动词：look,smell,taste,sound,feel ③变化：become,get,turn,grow,fall

④保持：keep,stay,remain,stand ⑤表象:seem,appear ⑥证明:prove

4、主谓双宾? I bought his a dog.

5、主谓宾宾补? You should keep the room clean and tidy.

区分：只需要在最后两个宾语间加be动词，读起来意思对，就是宾补，不对就是双宾

三、句子的成分

（一）谓语

1、谓语的成分：有时态的实意动词或系动词

2、一句话中动词能不能多

绝对不能，每一句话中只能有一个动词存在，并充当谓语，多余的动词全部都要变成非谓语动词

谓语只能是动词，动词只能作谓语。所以我们需要把一句话当中所有不作谓语的动词全部变成不是动词，即非 谓语动词—ing主动ed被动todo目的

他穿上外衣，锁上门，离开了家。He putting on his jacket,locking the door,left home.

我是一个老师，我很喜欢唱歌。Being a teacher,I enjoy singing songs.

我爱你，你爱我。I loving you,you love me.(独立主格)

冬天来了，春天就不远了。Winter approaching,spring will be around the corner.

3、一句话中动词能不能少

绝对不能，当一句话需要动词而又没有动词的时候，永远都加be动词，并且be动词没有意思

谓语的总结：一句话中有且只能有一个有时态的实义动词或系动词的存在，并且充当谓语。

（二）主语

1、主语的成分：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句（引导词+句子）

Being handsome and strong is his nature.（非谓语动词充当主语，谓语动词永远用单数）

2、主语能不能少？

绝对不能，那一句话没有主语的时候怎么办呢？

(1)加it作主语：必须和天气、温度、时间有关系哦 It keeps cold in South Pole.

(2)there be句型：当一句话没有主语，并且听到“有”的时候there exist/remain/seem

There exist a sea of individuals having passion for me.

(3)被动?：当一句话没有主语，或者是听到人称代词作主语的时候，都可以考虑写成被动

English must be pointed out exceedingly indispensable.

Authorities should be proposed to adopt action.

以下三种情况没有被动：

①动词后面有介词时，无被动

②系动词没有被动

③“have”表达“有”的意思时，没有被动

(4)×人称代词：不到万不得已，最好不要使用

如果有梦想，就应该会成功。If there exists a dream，glories are supposed to be achieved.

（三）宾语：能充当宾语的有名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句

（四）表语：能充当表语的有名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句、形容词、介词短语

四.简单句的考点分析

1、写作

所有写不来的单词都可以写自己会的词汇，反正老师也不知道我想表达什么意思，哈哈真

好啊。所有写不来的长难句暂时都可以先写成简单句，保证语法正确

2、分析长难句

第一句话就是找这句话当中的动词，也就是谓语，从而找到一句话的主谓宾，如果

一句话有多个动词出现的，就找主句的谓语动词（前面没有引导词的动词就是主句的谓语动词）

动词的分类

1、实意动词：及物动词：直接跟宾语，并且必须加宾语

不及物动词：加介词才加宾语，并且可以不加宾语

2、系动词

3、助动词：在一句话当中帮助谓语构成时态、被动、否定和疑问的动词

4、情态动词：表明说话人主观态度的词汇

情态动词表示对过去的推测：

He must have fallen in love with me.一定做过某事

You needn’t have shown your love in this way.本没必要做某事但是做了

I could have become a prominent poet.本能够做某事，但是没做，表示遗憾

We should have stayed together.本应该做某事但却没有做

第二节 并列句

一、什么是并列句

就是在两句话中间加个连词

二、英语中常见的连词

1、常见的并列连词

平行关系：and not noly...but also

逻辑关系词：similarly equally likewise,at the same time

转折关系：but yet while whereas

however nevertheless,on the contrary

选择关系：or whether…or

alternatively

因果关系：for so

therefore thus consequently,as a result

递进关系：表示递进的词没有连词，then(副词)

besides furthermore moreover additionally

三、并列句的考点分析

1、写作：

只要写作的上下句之间有逻辑关系，通常都要用逻辑关系词（连词 副词 介词 介词短语）

There seems a friend coming from afar,and consequently I feel exceedingly delighted.

连词和其他逻辑关系词的区别在于：连词前面有无逗号均可，而其他的逻辑关系词的前面，要么

用句号，要么加连词and

2、长难句分析：

只要见到有连词的出现，通常都会有省略，翻译的时候先把省略的部分补充上后再做翻译。

一句话只要有省略，就一定会省略在连词后，而不是连词前；所以连词后面有的成分，连词前面通常【通常：如果连词后只有一个成分的话，连词前一定能找到它的对应成分；如果连词后有多个成分的话，连词前不一定都能找到它们的对应成分，但是至少可以找到一个的对应成分】都要有；连词前面有而连词后面没有的成分，便是省略的内容。

分析长难句的第二步是找连词（当连词在连接两个单词的时候，这个单词就装作没看见）

Under modern conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.

The data suggest,for example,that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents,sought out as friends,and pursued romantically.

There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general历史研究中特有的概念 or to the research technique appropriate to the various branches historical inquiry.各个历史研究分支的研究方法

Until these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,and with it possibly

the only way to solve our problems.代词指代题的做题方法：就近原则和一致原则（语法上的一致和意思上的一致）介词短语+状语+n.+定

第三节 名词性从句

一、名词在句子中可以充当什么成分

1、The book looks terrific. 主语

2、I appreciate the man. 宾语

3、He becomes a businessman.表语

4、I enjoy the part,the end.同位语

同位语：就是用来解释名词的成分Overfishing,a universal issue throughout the world,has become increasingly fearful under modern conditions.

二、什么是名词性从句

名词在句子中能够充当的成分，从句都可以充当，这就是名词性从句

What I read looks terrific.

I appreciate what he did.

He becomes who we should lean from.

I enjoy the part that they stay together.

名词性从句一共包括四类：主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句

三、名词性从句的引导词

1.That he has got divorced is my fault.

2.Whether he has got divorced is obvious.

3.Who he will marry is a secret.

名词性从句的引导词是按照从句的类型分的类，一共把引导词分成三类

①that：当从句是陈述句时。并且that在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意思，只起着引导作用

②whether：当从句是一般疑问句时。whether翻译成是否，在从句中依然不充当任何成分

③所有的特殊疑问词：当从句是特殊疑问句时。并且英语中所有的从句一定都是陈述句的形式，也就是引导词+主语+谓语的形式。

That ladies tend to be right proves common knowledge.主语从句

I am wondering whether I should lose my weight.宾语从句

One在正式文体中，不定代词you写成one更正式,some day,will perceive that career,kinship and friendship prove more crucial than romance.宾语从句

The point seems when wealth will become available for you.表语从句

Why they left the hometown for Tibet keeps a mystery.

四、名词性从句的考点分析

1、写作

（1）主语从句在写作中的应用

主语从句的满分句型：把主语从句放在句末，用it作形式主语：It...that...

It is apparent that...把is换掉 It looks beyond dispute that...

It has been widely accepted that... It is universally acknowledged that...

It keeps my argument that...

本句型可以写在作文中任何一句话的前面，用来拉长句子（最多一次，最少一次都不用）

It has been validated by numerous facts that glories belong to those who spare no efforts.

It has been widely accepted that the issue about respecting the elderly has been brought into the

limelight.

（2）同位语从句在写作中的应用

The matter makes his families rejoiced,that he has found a girlfriend.

The matter,that he has found a girlfriends makes his families rejoiced.写这个

Nothing can hide the truth that he is getting old.

The message that her husband passed away was spread the whole village.

The truth that flower in the greenhouse fails to undergo storms demonstrates that kids should never be spoiled by their families.

2、长难句分析：

能够快速地识别各个名词性从句，并能把它们通顺地翻译出来

（1）如何识别主语从句：

只要见到有引导词放在句首，并且从句后没有被逗号隔开，一定是主语从句，主语从句从句首开始到主句的谓语动词之前结束；除此以外，在分析长难句的时候，只要见到It...that通常也是主语从句，主语从句从that开始到句末结束，it只是形式主语而已。

That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute.

Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府应该以牺牲技术为代价增加对纯科学的投入，还是以牺牲纯科学为代价增加对技术的投入，这取决于哪一项被视为驱动力。

How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and # on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

这些预言能够在多大程度上被以后的行为证实取决于所使用的信息的数量、可靠性和适合性，并且还取决于解释这些信息的技巧和智慧。（也可为主动）

It is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily,make distinctions,reason logically,and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems.

人们普遍认为，一个高智商的人是这样的：他能够轻易地理解别人的想法，能够做出辨别，能够进行逻辑推理，并且还能使用文字和数学符号来解决问题。

For example,it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats.yet,upon examination of the dead bodies,the animals look completely normal.比如说，长期以来众所周知的是，完全剥夺睡眠对老鼠来说是绝对致命的，但是通过检查尸体，这些动物看起来又完全正常。

（2）如何识别宾语从句：

只要实意动词的后面有个引导词，就暂定为宾语从句（还有可能是状语从句哟）

She said(that) she would marry an old rich man.that引导宾语从句可省，写作文不要省略！

I wonder if I can pass the a National Postgraduate Entrance Examination smoothly.if在引导名词性从句时，只有宾语从句中可以写，其他从句中都不能写，都写成whether

This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive,A fact underlined by statistics that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.仅这一点就能表明，电视行业不是一个容易生存的行业，由数据支持的事实表明，在欧洲80个电视网络中，至少有一个半1989年出现了亏损。business un.行业 c.公司

You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction,that by the help of these operations,they,in a sort of sense,manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws,and that out of these,by some special skills of their own,they build up their theories.你多次听说过这些事情吧：科学工作 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 , or/otherwise, as if/as though等

He treats me as if I were his son.

He treated me as if I had been his son.

长难句分析：虚拟语气没有长难句分析，同if引导的条件状语从句

If that happened,passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,putting the reputation of the target company at risk.

The millions of calculation involved,had they been done by hand,would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.

插入语

1、定义

就是放在句子的主谓之间，用逗号或者是破折号隔开的部分，阅读理解中当作没看见

2、常用的插入语：副词 介词短语 不定式 分词 现在分词短语

[文章尾部最后500字内容到此结束,中间部分内容请查看底下的图片预览]请点击下方选择您需要的文档下载。

1. 英语基本句子成分
2. 汉语语法结构
3. 初中英语句子成分讲解-练习及答案
4. 简单句的基本句型
5. 英语初二上册语法归纳
6. 状语从句练习
7. 动词第三人称单数
8. 英语中的主谓一致
9. 非谓语动词讲解(超全)
10. 职高英语基础模块上Unit1课件
11. 英语五大基本句式 知识点归纳 练习（无答案）
12. 中考英语语法：句子成分讲解-练习及答案
13. 高三主谓一致复习教案
14. 教案
15. 非谓语动词详解加练习（含答案）

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