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非谓语动词讲解

非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词 过去分词)

概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词

2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分

非谓语动词使用条件

一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。

She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat..

动词不定式

一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：

一般式to do 例如：I like to read English.

进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.

完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.

被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon.

完成被动式to have been done

例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.这个男孩据说已经被送到医院l

二. 动词不定式的用法

I.作主语

(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。

To see is to believe 眼见为实 在这里也可以说seeing is believing．

Not to get there in time is your fault. 没有及时到那是你的错误

(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。

句型1：It + 谓语 + to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus.

句型2：It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty _to_ help the poor.

It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains.

句型3： It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的 ）

It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的 ）

It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.

It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.

It is very kind of you to give me some help.

It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.

II.作宾语

接不定式做宾语I want to know this matter.

I don’t expect to meet you here

(1)常见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish等

They wanted _to get___( get ) on the bus, didn’t they? He said he wished __to be____( be ) a professor.

(2)it作形式宾语

I find/feel to work with him interesting ． I find/feel it interesting to work with him．

Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider… it+adj/n + to do sth.

1.We?thought?_it__?better?__to_?start?early. 2.Do?you?consider?_it__?better?not?_to_?go?

3.?I?feel?_it_?my?duty?_to_?change?all?that. 4.We think it __ important _ to _ obey the law.

5.I know _ it _ impossible _ to _ finish so much homework in a day.

(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:

tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain, know, discover,

He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book.

I haven't decided whether to go or stay.

下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：

stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做

forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过

remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过

regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过

try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做

go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事）

mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做

In some parts of London, missing a bus means _A______ for another hour.

A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waiting

Boys, don't forget _D____ the windows before you leave the classroom.

A. closing　B. closed　C. to closing　D. to close

She reached the top of the hill and stopped __C_____ on a big rock.

A. to have rested　B. resting　C. to rest　D. rest

Remember _A______ the lights when you leave the office.

A. to turn off　B. turning off　C. turn off　D. to turning off

(4)在cannot but, cannot choose/help but 之后接不带to的不定式

I have no choice but __to wait_____.（wait）“前有do,后无to”

I can’t do anything but _go______ (go )out with her.

III.作宾语补足语

1. I’ll?get?someone?_to__?repair?the?recorder?for?you.

2. What?caused?him?_to__?change?his?mind?

advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish?, want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb. to do

注意：（1）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree.

The boy was seen to fall off the tree.

(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.

I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.

He is often heard _to sing_______(sing) the song.

Though he often made his deskmate _cry_____(cry), today he was made __to cry__(cry) by his deskmate.

IV．作定语

?I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语)

不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today?

不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no chance to go there.

被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is always the last to leave the room.

不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词

1.The house is not big enough for us all___A____.

A. to live in　B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in

2. Would you please pass me the knife ____A___?

A. to cut the fruit with　B. to cut the fruit? C. cutting the fruit　D. cutting the fruit with

3.I have something important to say. Please find a piece of paper to write on （写上）

4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen to write with （写）

V.作状语 不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。

I came here to see you．

We were very excited to hear the news．

He hurried to the school to find nobody there.

对比To learn English well, he needs a good dictionary.

To learn English well, a good dictionary is needed.

To get there in time, he told me to get up early.

不定式的主动形式表示被动意义

I have something important to do. In the accident, the driver was to blame.

This question is difficult to answer. The box is not easy to carry.

动名词

一. 动名词的基本构成

?

主动语态

被动语态



一般式

doing

being done



完成式

having done

having been done



No one likes being laughed at.

I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.

二.动名词的功用

⑴ Smoking does great harm to people’s health.（作主语）

⑵ My job is looking after children.（作表语）

⑶ I have finished reading the novel.（作宾语）

⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school.（做定语）

①It is no use crying. ②It is no good objecting

常见的动词有：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, deny, excuse, finish, imagine, include, keep(on), mind, , practice, miss, resist.

短语: be/get used to ,can’t help/stop, can’t stand , give up, feel like, look forward to, get down to,

have difficulty/trouble (in),be busy (in),put off

e.g.①She sat there without _speaking____ (speak) ②I look forward to_seeing____ (see) him again.

③Are you used to _live____ (live) there alone?

④When my father heard the news, he couldn't help _laughing____ (laugh).

⑤I don’t feel like _going____ (go) to see the film. ⑥He was busy _preparing___ (prepare) his lessons

主动表被动:

① The room wants _cleaning____ (clean). ② The method needs _improving__ (improve).

③ This pair of shoes require __mending___ (mend).

④ The problem needs_working out_ (work out).

⑤ The question is well worth _discussing____ (discuss)

d）动词 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动

作”。当用在 should, would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：

I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon. What would you like to eat tonight?

动名词的复合结构

动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复

合结构或动名词短语

a.动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。例如：

Nixon’s visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations.尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

b. 在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人

称代词宾格。例如： The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.

分词

（一）分词的作用 现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。

1．作定语

Do you know the boy standing at the gate?

Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？

2．作表语

We are excited at the news.

The news he told us is exciting.

3．作宾语补足语

I heard him singing a song in the classroom.

We found the ground covered with snow.

4．作状语

While lying in bed, he listened to some music.

Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.

分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。

现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别:现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成

1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.

(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.

2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.(When they heard the bad news)

3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. (If they had been given more attention)

4. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 , should either study regularly or ____ his job.

A. quits B. to quit C. quitting D. quit

【答案】D

【2012浙江】11. “It’s such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _____ for customers.

A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved

【答案】D

【2012江苏】31. ______ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it soon or later.

A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base

【答案】B

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