TED演讲：收入水平如何影响我们的生活方式

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TED演讲：收入水平如何影响我们的生活方式？

What images do we see from the rest of the world? We see natural disasters, war, terror. We see refugees, and we see horrible diseases. Right? We see beautiful beaches, cute animals, beautiful nature, cultural rites and stuff.?

And then we're supposed to make the connection in our head and create a world view out of this. And how is that possible? I mean, the world seems so strange. And I don't think it is. I don't think the world is that strange, actually.

I've got an idea. So, imagine the world asa street, where the poorest live on one end and the richest on the other, and everyone in the world lives on this street. You live there, I live there, and the neighbors we have are the ones with the same income.?

So we changed these houses into people.This is the seven billion people that live in the world. And just by living in Sweden, most likely you belong there, which is the richest group. But thes tudents, when you ask them, they think they are in the middle. And how can you understand the world when you see all these scary images from the world, andyou think you live in the middle, while you're actually atop? Not very easy.

So I sent out photographers to 264 homes in50 countries -- so far, still counting -- and in each home, the photographers take the same set of photos. They take the bed, the stove, the toys and about135 other things. So we have 40,000 images or something at the moment, and itlooks something like this.

Here we see, it says on the top,"Families in the world by income," and we have the street represented just be neath it, you can see. And then we see some of the families we have visited. We have the poorer to the left, the richer to the right, and everybody else in between, as the concept says.

We can go down and see the different families we have been to so far. Here, for instance, we have a family in Zimbabwe, one in India, one in Russia, and one in Mexico, for instance. So we can go around and look at the families this way. But of course, we can choose if we want to see some certain countries and compare them, or regions, or if wewant, to see other things.

So let's go to the front doors and see what they look like. Go here, and this is the world by front doors, ordered by income. And we can see the big difference from India, Philippines, China,Ukraine, in these examples, for instance.

What if we go into the home? We can look at beds. This is what beds can look like. Doesn't look like the glossy magazines.Doesn't look like the scary images in the media. So remember that the studentsin Sweden, they thought they were in the middle of the world income.?

So let's go there. We zoom in here by filtering the street to the middle, like this, andthen I ask the students: Is this what your bedroom looks like??And they would actually not feel very at home.?So we go down and see, do they feel more athome here? And they would say, no, this is not what a Swedish typical bedroom looks like.?

We go up here, and suddenly, they feel sort of at home.And we can see here in this image, we see bedrooms in China, Netherlands, South Korea,France and the United States, for instance. So we can click here.?

If we want to know more about the family, the home in which this bed stands, we can just click it and go to the family, and we can see all the images from that family.We can go this way, too. And of course, this is free for anyone to use. So justgo here, and please add more images, of course.

My personal favorite that everyone always tries to make me not show, I'm going to show you now, and that's toilets,because you're not really allowed to look at people's toilets, but now we can just do it, right? So here we have a lot of toilets. They look pretty much as we're used to, right??

And they are in China, Netherlands, UnitedStates, Nepal and so forth, Ukraine, France. And they look pretty similar,right? But remember, we are in the top. So what about checking all the toilets?Now it looks a bit different, doesn't it?

So this way we can visually browse through categories of imagery, using photos as data. But not everything works as a photo. Sometimes it's easier to understand what people do, so we also do videos nippets of everyday activities, such as washing hands, doing laundry, brushingteeth, and so on. And I'm going to show you a short snippet of tooth-brushing,and we’re going to start at the top.

So we see people brushing their teeth.Pretty interesting to see the same type of plastic toothbrush is being used inall these places in the same way, right? Some are more serious than others –but still, the toothbrush is there. Andthen, coming down to this poorer end, then we will see people start usingsticks, and they will sometimes use their finger to brush their teeth.?

So this particular woman in Malawi, when she brushes her teeth, she scrapes some mudoff from her wall and she mixes it with water, and then she's brushing.Therefore, in the Dollar Street material, we have tagged this image not only asher wall, which it is, but also as her tooth paste, because that is also what she uses it for.?

So we can say, in the poorer end of the street, you will use astick or your finger, you come to the middle, you will start using a toothbrush,and then you come up to the top, and you will start using one each. Prettynice, not sharing a toothbrush with your grandma.

And you can also look at some countries.Here, we have the income distribution within the US, most people in the middle.We have a family we visited in the richer end, the Howards. We can see theirhome here. And we also visited a family in the poorer end, down here. And thenwhat we can do now is we can do instant comparisons of things in their homes.Let's look in their cutlery drawer.?

So, observe the Hadleys: they have alltheir cutlery in a green plastic box. and they have a few different types andsome of them are plastic, while the Howards, they have this wooden drawer with small wooden compartments in it and a section for each type of cutlery. We canadd more families, and we can see kitchen sinks, or maybe living rooms.

Of course, we can do the same in other countries. So we go to China, we pick three families. we look at their houses,we can look at their sofas, we can look at their stoves. And when you see these stoves, I think it's obvious that it's a stupid thing that usually, when wethink about other countries, we think they have a certain way of doing things.But look at these stoves.?

Very different, right, because it depends on whatincome level you have, how you're going to cook your food. But the cool thingis when we start comparing across countries. So here we have China and the US.See the big overlap between these two. So we picked the two homes we haveal ready seen in these countries, the Wus and the Howards.?

Standing in their bedroom, pretty hard to tell which one is China and which one is the US, right?Both have brown leather sofas, and they have similar play structures. Mostlikely both are made in China, so, I mean, that's not very strange –but that issimilar.

We can of course go down to the other endof the street, adding Nigeria. So let's compare two homes in China and Nigeria.Looking at the family photos, they do not look like they have a lot in common,do they? But start seeing their ceiling. They have a plastic shield and grass.They have the same kind of sofa, they store their grain in similar ways,they're going to have fish for dinner, and they're boiling their water inidentical ways.?

So if we would visit any of these homes, there's a huge riskthat we would say we know anything about the specific way you do things in China or Nigeria, while, looking at this, it's quite obvious -- this is how youdo things on this income level. That is what you can see when you go through the imagery in Dollar Street.

So going back to the figures, the seven billion people of the world, now we're going to do a quick recap. We're goingto look at comparisons of th 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 right?

So we have a lot of similarities all overthe world, and the images we see in the media, they show us the world is avery, very strange place. But when we look at the Dollar Street images, they donot look like that.

So using Dollar Street, we can use photos as data, andcountry stereotypes -- they simply fall apart. So the person staring back at usfrom the other side of the world actually looks quite a lot like you. And thatimplies both a call to action and a reason for hope.

Thank you.

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