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he Danxia Mountain

【Introduction】一【The Entrance to the Mountain】—【The Elephants Crossing the River and the Beautiful Girl Blocking the River]—[The Yangyuan Column]—【The Yinyuan Cliff】—【The Jinshi Cave】一【The Biechuan Temple】【简介】一【山门】一【群象过江和玉女拦江】一【阳某某】一【阴元石】一【锦石岩】一【别传寺】

【Introduction】

The Danxia Mountain is situated 45 kilometers to the northeast of Shaoguan City. Geological studies show that, twenty five million years ago, this place was a vast expanse of a low-lying lake0 Later, movements of the earth1 s crust made it rise above the ground and the water receded away, thus turning it into a mountain and the former sediment at the bottom of the lake gradually oxidized and became red rocks. These red rocks and red precipices, being relieved against the green woods and the blue sky, look just like rosy clouds, hence the name “Danxia”，meaning “red clouds” in English.

In the 1930s, Professor Chen Guoda of the Sun Yat-sen University made an intensive investigation and study of the geomorphic features of the Danxia Mountain and other red-rock mountains in South China. He denominated this kind of red -rock land configuration the “Danxia Landform”， which was soon approved and universally adopted by the academic circles, thus making the mountain's name Danxia a nomenclature of geology. Places featuring Danxia Landform can be found in all continents of the world except Antarctica, such as the Great Canyon of the United States and some areas in Saxony of Germany. But, the Danxia Mountain is the largest and the most beautiful and typical of its kind.

The Danxia Mountain covers an area of 319 square kilometers, in which over 600 red-rock peaks stand out well against the woods of green, a sight that reminds one of a large garden with many ruby sculptures; therefore it isalso named China Ruby Park or literally China Red Stone Park. In 1995, the Chinese State Council approved of its being a geological nature reserve and, in 2000, it was rated by the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) as the world’ s geological park.

【The Entrance to the Mountain】

Now we have arrived at the entrance to the Danxia Mountain. The gate structure here is constructed of red sand rocks. These Chinese characters are the name of the park, meaning “China Ruby Park”. The three big Chinese characters up on the horizontal beam, “Dan Xia Shan", meaning Danxia Mountain, were written by Guan Shanyue, who was a famous painter in China. We’ll follow the mountain road to climb the Zhanglao Peak, which is the main peak of the Danxia Mountain, 408 meters above sea level.

【The Elephants Crossing the River and the Beautiful Girl Blocking the River 】

Now we have come to the central area of the Danxia Mountain. The Danxia Mountain is rated first among the four famous mountains in Guangdong Province and its unique natural scenery gives free play to one^ fancy. Please look at the hill in the distance beyond the Jinjiang River: Those rocks appear to be a herd of elephants wading across the river and coming up to us. Their trunks, tusks, ears and eyes are all lifelike. So, this sight is named “The Elephants Crossing the River”.

(On the Yangyuan Bridge) Please look to your right at the hill in the distance. It looks as if a young girl is lying down to sleep: From right to left, the outlines of her head, her neck, her chest and her belly are all clearly discernible. So, this sight is called “The Sleeping Belle” or “The Beautiful Girl Blocking the River”.

【The Yangyuan Column】

This hill is called Yangyuan Hill, meaning “The Hill of Male Sex”. It is so named because the stone column here, 28 meters tall and 7 meters in diameter, is the very image of man5 s external genitals. According to geological studies, this stone column was a part of the cliff and it is over three hundred thousand years since Mother Nature severed it from the mountain body and carved it into this shape. In the old days, men were regarded as superior to women and people often prayed for having more sons to carry on their family name; therefore this stone column was highly worshiped by the pilgrims.

【The Yinyuan Cliff】

This steep face of rock is called Yinyuan Cliff, meaning Stone Cliff of Female Sex in English, because it is a strong resemblance of woman^ external genitals. It was formed some one hundred thousand years ago. Just as God had sculptured the first man and his wife, Adam and Eve, in the Garden of Eden, so had Nature carved a couple of stone husband and wife in the Danxia Mountain. What a wonderful world this is!

【The Jinshi Cave 】

This cave is called Jinshi Cave, meaning Colorful Rock Cave in English. The inside of this cave is a Buddhist monastery consisting of the Thousand Buddha Hall, the Guanyin Hall and the Sakyamuni Hall etc. Among these halls, the Guanyin Hall for the Goddess of Mercy is the largest, 30 meters deep and 4 meters high with adequate space to accommodate a hundred pilgrims at the same time. In this hall there are many images of the Goddess of Mercy in her different incarnations, 32 in all, which are all made to be lifelike with different facial expressions. In the Sakyamuni Hall there is a piece of rock that shapes like a dragon. It is called “Bian Se Long”， meaning “color-changing dragon” or chameleon, because its color changes with the season like a chameleon whose color changes according to its background. It is light green in spring, dark green in summer, yellowish green in autumn and brownish yellow in winter. Why is that? It is because on the surface of the rock is growing a kind of alga that is highly water-absorbing. The alga is lush and green when water is adequate in rainy seasons while in dry seasons, when water is insufficient, it turns yellow or brown. On the cliff outside the cave, there are two big Chinese characters “jin yan”，meaning“colorful rock cave”. They were written by Zhao Rulai, a man of letters of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279AD), and are the earliest engravings on cliffs in the Danxia Mountain.

【The Biechuan Temple】

This is a Buddhist monastery called Biechuan Temple. Built in 1662, i.e. the first year in the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, it was frequented by a large number of pilgrims and is one of the three largest Buddhist monasteries in Northern Guangdong (The other two being the Fa-men Temple in Ruyuan County and the Nanhua Temple in Qujiang County). Up on the main gate of the temple, there are four Chinese characters: Bie Chuan Chan Si, meaning Biechuan Chan Buddhist Monastery. They were written by Li Hanhun, who was then chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Government of the Republic of China. Going through the gate, we can see many engravings on the red cliff. Among them the two big Chinese characters Dan Xia, 5-6 square feet each, are the most beautiful. They were written by an official of the Qing Dynasty.

The Biechuan Temple is constructed in more or less the same layout as other Buddhist monasteries. It consists of the Hall of the Heavenly Kings, the bell and drum towers, the Sakyamuni Hall and the Hall of the Goddess of Mercy and so on. Now you can look around on your own for a while. We’ll meet half an hour later at the entrance and will go down-hill, by the same way as where we came up, to the pier to take a boat-ride on the Jinjiang River so that you may feast your eyes on the beautiful scenery along the river.

董庆垣翻译

世界地质公园——丹霞山

【简介】一【山门】一【群象过江和玉女拦江】一【阳某某】一【阴元石】一【锦石岩】一【别传寺】

【简介】

丹霞山位于韶关市东北部，距市区45公里。2500万年以前，那里原是一片低平的湖泊，后来因地壳运动的作用，地面上升，湖水尽退，形成了高耸的山峰；原来湖底的沉积物受到氧化作用，变成了红色的岩石。山上红色的石头、红色的山崖在绿树、碧水和蓝天的映衬下，就像天上的彩霞；所以人们将这座山称为丹霞山。二十世纪30年代，、中山大学教授陈国达对丹霞山及华南地区的红石山地作了深入的研究之后，将这一类红色砂石的地貌命名为“丹霞地貌”，并很快被学术界接受并采用；此后世界上凡是由红色砂砾岩构成、以赤壁丹崖为特征的地貌均被称为丹霞地貌。世界各大洲除南极洲外均有丹霞地貌，如美国的大峡谷和德国萨克逊一些地区；而丹霞山是世界上这类地貌中面积最大、发育最典型、风景最优美的地区。

丹霞山的总面积为319平方公里，有大小石峰600多座，宛如一方红宝石雕塑园，故又称“中国红石公园”，并于1995年被国务院批准为国家地质自然保护区，2000年被联合国教科文组织评为世界地质公园。

【山门】

现在我们来到了丹霞山的山门。这座山门全部用丹霞山的红砂石砌成。这几个大字是公园的名字：中国红石公园。山门上“丹霞山”三个大字是中国著名书画家关山月所题。现在我们沿山路攀登海拔408米的丹 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 ，高4米，可容纳上百善信同时参拜；洞内塑有观音32相，个个表情栩栩如生，神态各异。在大雄宝殿内有一石壁，状似龙，其颜色会因春夏秋冬四季不同而变化；春而嫩绿，夏则深绿，秋为黄绿，冬变褐黄；故被称作变色龙。这种神奇的现象是怎样出现的呢？原来是因为岩石上生长着一种低等藻类植物；这种藻类吸水性很强，天气潮湿时吸水多生长旺盛颜色就深；天气干燥时吸水少，颜色就变成褐黄。洞外的摩崖上刻有“锦岩”二字，是南宋(1127-1279)赵汝来所题；这是丹霞山最早的摩崖石刻。

【别传寺】

别传寺建于清朝康熙元年(1662年)，清朝时香火极盛，是粤北三大佛教寺院之一（其它两座为乳源的法门寺和曲江的南华寺）。走进别传寺山门，我们可以看到在丹红的悬崖上有很多石刻，其中“丹霞”二字石刻方五六尺，书法精妙，是清朝关中王令所写。山门上的“别传禅寺”四字是民国时期**_*题。别传寺的结构与其它佛教寺庙大体相同；有天王殿、钟某某、大雄宝殿、观音堂等。

现在给大家半个小时自由参观；半个小时后我们在寺庙的门口集中，然后沿原路下山，到江边码头乘船游览锦江；大家可在船上尽情欣赏两岸的美景。

董庆垣整理

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