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如何学好宾语从句？

**_*学 胡某某

一、宾语从句的概念与位置：

所谓宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的句子，宾语从句紧随在主句动词、介词、间接宾语或形容词之后。

1）动词之后：He says that he can’t come tomorrow.

2)介词之后：She isn’t interested in what he is doing.

3）间接宾语之后:Can you tell me who he is?

4）形容词之后:I’m afraid he is ill.

二、宾语从句的连词

1）宾语从句为陈述句。由that引导，这时that没有词义，只起引导作用，不充当句子成分，在口语或非正式文体中常常省略。

eg. He says, “I am American.” →

He says (that) he is 15years old.

She said , “she wants to go home .” →

She said (that) she wanted to go home.

2）宾语从句为一般疑问句时，由连词if或whether引导

eg . Has he been to Japan? Do you know?→

Do you know if/whether he has been to Japan?

Can you help me? He asked me.→

He asked me if/whether I could help him.

3）宾语从句为特殊疑问句时，由连接代词或连接副词引导，这时连词有词义，且在宾语从句中充当句子成分，常见的连接代词有：what, who, whom, whose, which;连接副词有:when, where, how, why, how many, how much, how old, how long etc.

eg. What are they doing? Can you tell us?→

Can you tell us what they are doing?（在宾语从句中作宾语）

Whose pencil is this? We don’t know →

We don’t know whose pencil this is.（whose在宾语从句中作pencil的定语并与pencil一起作表语）

Who was the tallest in our class? She asked. →

She asked who was the tallest in our class.（作主语）

When does the train arrive? We don’t know.→

We don’t know when the train arrives.（作时间状语）

How can I get to the post office? Please tell me→

Please tell me how I can get to the post office. （作方式状语）

How old is she? Do you know?→

Do you know how old she is?（作表语)

三、宾语从句的语序

陈述句语序：主句+连接词+陈述句语序的句子

宾语从句

四、宾语从句的时态：和主句一致

1、当主句为现在时态时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，可用所需的任何时态，如：

Lily has gone to Beijing.

I hear (that) Jim arrived two days ago.

She will go there by plane.

2、当主句为过去时态时，宾语从句的时态受主句时态的限制，一般只能用表示过去的某种时态，即：

一般现在时～一般过去时

一般过去时～过去完成时

现在进行时～过去进行时

一般将来时～过去将来时

现在完成时～过去完成时

过去进行时～过去进行时

过去完成时～过去完成时

1) She said,“We hope so.” →

She said（that） they hoped so.

2) Jean said, “He will go to see his friend.” →

Jean said he would go to see his friend.

3) She said, “I told her the news yesterday.” →

She said she had told her the news the day before.

3. 比较：

1)He says, “I am 15years old.” → He says (that) he is 15years old.

He said, “I am 15years old.”　 → He said (that) he was 15years old.

2)Lucy says ,’’I live in Chongqing.’’

→Lucy says (that) she lives in Chongqing.

Lucy said ,’’I live in Chongqing.’’

→Lucy said(that) she lived in Chongqing.

五、注意：

1、主句：过去时态

宾语从句说明的是客观真理或客观事实时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，即时态不变。

eg. Our teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.

我们老师说光的传播速度比声音快多了。

The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth. 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转，月球绕着地球转。

2、主句：宾语从句中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语：时态不变。

eg. Xiao Wang said, “I was born on April 21,1980.” →

Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21,1980.

3、原句如果是祈使句，要改为“tell(ask, order, beg等)sb.(not)to do sth句型。

eg. 1) “Don’t make any noise.” she said to the children→.

She told the children not to make any noise.

2) “Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she. →

She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

4、宾语从句的否定：

一般情况下，宾语从句的否定与一般句子的否定一样，但动词think, believe，suppose等后跟宾语从句时，宾语从句的否定通常前移至主句中

eg. I don’t think you are right. 我认为你不对。

eg. We don’t believe she can swim.我们相信她不会游泳。

5、宾语从句与反意疑问句连用规律

含有宾语从句的反意疑问句有两种形式：

1）反意部分和主句谓语动词呼应：He says that he is wrong, doesn’t he?

2）如果主句的主语是第一人称单数I且谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等,反意疑问句一般和宾语从句的谓语呼应。

eg. I think he is right, isn’t he?

I don’t believe that he will come, will he?

如何学好宾语从句导学案

**_*学 胡某某

【Class Standard Requirement】课标要求

Master and use the Object Clause 掌握和运用宾语从句

【Learning Aims】学习目标

1. Knowledge Aims: (知识目标)

Three key points of the Object Clause: Conjunctions , word orders and tenses 连接词、语序、时态一致

2. Ability Aims: （能力目标）

Through self-study, team cooperation and challenge to use the Object Clause correctly.

通过自主学习，小组合作，挑战自我学会正确使用宾语从句。

3. Emotional Aims:（情感目标）

In our life, we can quoted what others said to get along well with them.

在生活中，我们能够正确转述别人的话以保持于他人的良好关系。

Part One: Self-study (自主学习，丰富自我)

Ⅰ. 自己阅读 SB8A P 97-98 和宾语从句资料

Ⅱ. Revision(温故知新，滴水不漏)

1.宾语从句在复合句中作主句的____________。

2.宾语从句的连词：

1）宾语从句为陈述句。由________引导，这时that没有词义，只起引导作用，不充当句子成分，在口语或非正式文体中常常省略。

2）宾语从句为一般疑问句时，由连词________或_________引导。

3）宾语从句为特殊疑问句时，由_________或___________引导。

4）原句如果是祈使句，要改为_____________________________________句型。

3. 宾语从句的语序:___________________________________________

4. 宾语从句的时态：和_____一致

1)当主句为现在时态时，宾语从句的时态_______________，可用所需的______时态。

2)当主句为过去时态时，宾语从句的时态________________，一般只能用表示________的某种时态，即：

一般现在时～_____________________

一般过去时～_____________________

现在进行时～_____________________

一般将来时～_____________________

现在完成时～_____________________

Ⅲ. Think Hard(仔细思考，疑难探究)

A.将下列句子变为宾语从句：(1班全做，2班做1-10)

1. He says, “I am watching TV.”

He says ______ he _______ watching TV.

2. He said, “I am watching TV.”　

He said ______ he _______ watching TV.

3.Lucy said ,’’ ’I will do her homework.’’

Lucy said________ she ________ do her homework.

4. Are you 15years old？ Miss Hu asks Tom.

Miss Hu asks Tom_________ ______ ______ 15years old.

5. Has he handed in his homework? Do you know?

Do you know________ he _________ handed in his homework?

6. Does Marry work in that hospital? Will you tell me?

Will you tell me ____________ Marry _______ in that hospital?

7. How old are you? Miss Hu asks Mary.

Miss Hu asks Mary_______ _______she_____.

8.. Where do you live ? Miss Hu asked Mary?

Miss Hu asked Mary _____ she ______.

9. “Open your books,” the teacher said to the students.

The teacher ______ the students ______ _____your books.

10.”Don’t smoke in the room,” he said to me.

He _______me _______ _____ _______in the room.

11. “The earth moves around the sun.” Our teacher told us.

Our teacher told us_______ the earth _________ around the sun.

12. What did they fight about ? Do you know?

Do you know what they_____ ______?

13. When shall we have a meeting? Can you tell me?

Can you tell me_______ we _______ _______ a meeting?

14. Can you tell me when we shall set off? （同义句）

Can you tell me _______ _______ _______ ______?

15.I haven’t decided where I should go for my holidays.（同义句）

I haven’t decided _______ ______go for my holidays.

B. 单项选择：(1班全做，2班做1-5)

( )1. I wonder____ .

A. Whose bike is it? B. it is whose bike

C. is it whose bike D. whose bike it is.

( )2. Do you know ____?

A. What has happened B. what happen

C. what is happened D. what happening

( )3. I want to know ____come tomorrow.

A. will she B. whether will she

C. she will D. whether she will

( )4. The small boy didn’t know____ waiting for.

A. whom were they B. whom are they

C. whom they were D. whom they are

( )5. Could you tell me _____?

A. where is nearest shop B. where is the nearest shop

C. the nearest shop is where D. Where the nearest shop is

( )6. Mother asked her daughter____ when she grew up.

A. what she was B. what she would be

C. What would she be D. What was she going to be

( ) 7.The small children don’t know ______

A. what is their stockings in B .where is in their stockings

C. where is their stocking in D. what’s in their stockings

（ ）8. I don’t know _____ he will come tomorrow. ______he comes, I’ll tell you.

A. if; Whether B. whether ;Whether C. if; That D. if; If

( )9. Please ask her_______.

A. what’s wrong with him B. why she did that for.

C. what the matter is with him D. what’ her father

( )10. She asked me if I knew _______.

A. whose pen is it B. Whose pen it was

C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it

Part Two: Team-cooperation(合作探究，成就你我)

重点探究Part One Ⅲ的15个题。

Part Three: Team-cooperation(合作探究，成就你我)

组内讨论Part Two中关于现在进行时态的练习

Part Three: Class Test(能力提升，体验成功)

中考链接:

1.(2004 重庆73)A:” Don’t play football in the street,” the teacher said to them.

B: The teacher told them______ ________ play football in the street.

2.（2006 重庆71）. (***

Alice didn’t know how she could draw horses well. (改为同义句)

Alice didn’t know how ________ ________ horses well.

(***

I wondered what I should do next. (改为同义句)

I wondered what ________ ________ next.

3.（2007 重庆25）There's a red car parking in our neighborh 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is

Part Four: Extra exercise(课外延伸，背后努力)

把下列句子译成英语

1.我不知道明天是否下雨。如果下雨的话，我就不去钓鱼了。

2.我想知道他什么时候来这里。当他来的时候，请给我打电话。

3.我们都认为他们聪明。

你认为自己本节课掌握得好吗？回想本节课所学内容，你学到了哪些？你还有什么疑问？

_________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part Five Homework

1. Review today’s grammar.

2.2011年版《新支点》 P91和《名校中考》P40-41宾语从句

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