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GRAMMAR

U1

基本时态

Present simple (一般现在时）

E.g. I usually do my homework in the evening.

结构: 主语+谓语（do/does）+宾语

标志性的词或情况：usually, always, often, seldom（极少地）

Present perfect simple （一般现在完成时）

g. I’ve lived here since I was a child.

结构：主语+谓语（have/has done） +宾语

标志性的词或情况：since+时间点 ,yet, already, for+一段时间

描述已经发生的经历；过去发生的动作对现在的影响；

过去完成直到现在一直在进行；

Present continuous（现在进行时）

g. She is writing a book about her life.

结构：主语+be动词(am;is;are)+ doing

标志性的词或情况: doing, be动词（am ;is ;are）

Past simple（一般过去时）

g. I lost my phone last week.

结构：主语+谓语（did）+宾语

标志性的词或情况：yesterday; last week; last year词语是过去式

Past perfect simple（过去完成时）

E.g. I had forgotten my bus pass.

结构：主语+谓语（had done）+ 宾语

标志性的词或情况: had done; 描述过去的过去

Past continuous（过去进行时）

g. I was doing my homework.

结构：主语+ be 动词（was;were）

标志性的词或情况: at that moment

描述性时态(用于描写故事；小说；过去发生的事情)

Past simple（一般过去时）、

g. We spotted them on the mountain so we rescued them and took them to the hospital.

结构：主语+谓语（did）+宾语

标志性的词或情况：yesterday; last week; last year词语是过去式

Past continuous （过去进行时）

E.g. When we spotted them , they were standing next to some stones.

结构：主语+ be 动词（was;were）

标志性的词或情况: at that moment

Past perfect simple（过去完成时）

g. We spotted them because they had built a big sign.

结构：主语+ 谓语（过去分词）+ 宾语

标志性的词或情况：过去分词

Past perfect continuous（过去完成进行时）(强调结果)

E.g. We found them after we had been searching for a week.

结构：主语+ 谓语(had been doing）+宾语

标志性的词或情况： had been doing

Present perfect continuous（现在完成进行时）（强调过程）

g. She was tired because she has been training hard.

结构:主语+谓语（has/have been doing）+宾语

标志性的词或情况： has/have been doing

Future perfect (将来完成时) 在未来某个时间点之前发生

E.g I hope I’ll have sold it by the end of the month.

结构：主语+谓语（will have done）+宾语

标志性的词或情况：will have done

疑问句：Will sb. Have done?

future continuous (将来进行时) 未来某个时间点正在发生

E.g I’ll still be driving home from work at that time.

结构：主语+谓语(will be doing )+宾语

标志性的词或情况:will be doing sth.

疑问句：Will sb. Be doing sth.?

表示未来的条件性状语从句

主句: will；be going to，

连接词：if, when, as soon as, unless= if not , as long as=provided, in case

从句：一般现在时

I don't know if/weather（是否） I will see any wild animals when I am on holiday.

Unless you know the way well,bring a map.

As soon as it gets too cold, we’ll go home.

As soon as: 描述未来完整的过程

g.We’ll leave as soon as I’ve finished my work.

主句:将来时 will do/ be going to

从句:现在完成时 have done

Multi-word verbs(词组)

Type 1 没有宾语：wake up; go away;fall over;stay up;break up; sit down; take off; calm down

Type2

Type3

Type4

Used to VS would

Used to: 过去常常 现在不是了

get/keep/be used to doing sth.: 习惯做某事

Would： 过去常常 直到现在

no longer VS any more

no longer:前面不需要添加否定词

g. We no longer go to the old forest.

any more:前面需要添加否定词 用在句子的最后。

g We don’t go to the old forest any more.

Obligation VS permission （表禁止；应该；允许的情况）

Must= have to/need to=had to/needed to

Mustn’t= are not allowed to/can’t=weren’t allowed to

Should/ought to= be supposed to=was supposed to

Don’t have to/

don’t need to/

needn’t

Can= 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 是自己用：could

表示对现在的期待:用过去时

E.g: I wish I was able to speak French, but I am not.

表示过去的期待：用过去完成时

E.g: I wish I hadn’t been so lazy at school.

hope:现实的情况

E.g: I hope you get better soon.

Regrets:表示遗憾

Should+have+过去分词

E.g: It’s my fault, I should have locked the door.

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