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20级语音补充资料

1. 开音节与闭音节：

1）开音节

绝对开音节：是指在重读音节中以元音字母结尾 go， me，paper

结构：辅音字母+元音字母

相对开音节：在元音字母之后有辅音字母(r除外), 后面又跟上不发音的元音字母e的重读音节。 home， name， face

结构：元音字母+辅音字母（r除外）+不发音的e

(发音规律：在重读开音节中, 元音字母一律读它的字母音, 即长音。

Read the following words paying attention to the open syllables

a: fame hate cake data... （have）

e: these he she be...i: kite cite side pile file…（give, live）

o: close those hope cope note hero... （do, to, above, love，come, done） u: use fuse cute abuse mute pupil…（busy）

2）闭音节

定义：以一个或者几个辅音字母结尾（r除外），前面只有一个元音字母的音节，叫做闭音节。

结构：元音字母（一个）+辅音字母（一个或多个）

(发音规律：在重读闭音节中字母读短音

字母a

/?/ hat catch badge impact

/e/ any many anything

/?/ 字母a在/w/后常发短音/?/, 如wash, what, want.但water一词中, a发长音/?:/

/a:/ class can’t father after staff

字母e

/e/ pet best lecture pest

/i/ England English

字母i

/i/ fit zip risk silly

/i:/ policeman machine

字母o

/u/ woman

/i/ women

/Λ/ come son love does mother

/?/ pot lot nod

字母u

/u/ put puss

/Λ/ but bus mummy number

/i/ busy business

3) 动词现在分词(-ing)的构成

① 以不发音的e结尾的词，去掉e, 再加 ing

come----coming take----taking

② 以重读闭音节为结尾的动词，而且最后只有一个辅音字母

时 ，要将这个辅音字母双写,再加 ing

cut ---cutting swim---swimming begin---beginning

let, ship, forget, beg, stop，equip 等

③ 以重读的er结尾的动词,要将r双写,再加ing

refer---referring prefer---preferring

④ quarrel, travel最后的l也可双写

⑤ die, lie, tie 是将ie改为y ，再加ing

die---dying lie---lying tie---tying

4）动词过去分词(-ed)的构成

① 以e结尾的, 直接加d

live----lived retire---retired hope---hoped

② 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加ed

fry---flied try---tried

③ 以重读的er结尾的动词,要将r双写,再加?ed

refer---referred prefer---preferred

④ quarrel, travel双写l再加ed

⑤ 特殊

2. “-s, -es”的发音----第三人称单数和名词复数

“-s” 在除了/t/之外的清辅音后发/s/ 音;

在除了/d/之外的浊辅音或元音后发/z/音;

在/t/和/d/之后分别发/ts/和/dz/音;

“-es” 在 /s/, /z/, /?/, /XXXXX/, /t?/, /dXXXXX/和 /ks/之后,发 /iz/ 音?

/s/ /z/ /iz/

ask asks stay stays rise rises

stop stops dog dogs voice voices

month months clothe clothes haze hazes

thank thanks save saves house houses

/ts/ /dz/

cat cats crowd crowds

right rights add adds

correct corrects guard guards

write writes

“-es” —第三人称单数third person singular和名词复数plural

/iz/

gas gases

march marches

rush rushes

fix fixes

watch watches

fish fishes

fox foxes

Exercise :Practice saying these words, paying attention to the pronunciation of “-s, -es”

Plural: books, boys, songs, carts, cards, roses, classes, matches, bushes, bridges, boxes

Third person singular: takes, sees, believes, puts, nods, fusses, catches, finishes, judges, closes

3. “-d/-ed, -r/-er”

“-d, -ed” (规则动词过去式?过去分词past tense and past participle of regular verbs)

“-ed” 在 /t/, /d/之后,发 /id/ 音;

“-d, -ed”在清辅音后发 /t/ 音, 在浊辅音或元音后发 /d/音?

Exercise 1: Listen and read after the tape recordings, paying attention to the pronunciation of “-d, -ed”.

/d/ /t/ /id/

fill filled fix fixed add added

close closed watch watched plant planted

arrange arranged pass passed hate hated

stay stayed blush blushed pat patted

clean cleaned ask asked want wanted

“-er”在构成“做……的人/用作……的物”一类词及构成形容词比较级时, 在原词读音基础上加上/?/音, 与前面的辅音连某某? 如果原某某r或re结尾时在加上r或er 后,结尾读作/r? / 如:

/?/ /?/ /r?/

(n.) (adj.)

sharpen sharpener thin thinner rare rarer

sing singer late later poor poorer

supply supplier fat fatter clever cleverer

Note:

singer读作/'si??/是因为前面的元音/i/是前元音, 而long的比较级longer读作/'l??g? /是由于前面的元音/?/是后元音?

Exercise : Practice saying these words, paying attention to the pronunciation of “-d, -ed, -r, -er.”

Past tense: asked, maintained, suffered, studied, served, presented, corresponded

Person who does sth.: winner, player, purchaser, trainer, interviewer

Comparatives: earlier, cleaner, shorter, sharper, blunter, sparer

( Reading Exercise: Poem-The furthest distance in the world （附音频）

The furthest distance in the world 世界上最遥远的距离

Is not between life and death, 不是生与死

But when I stand in front of you 而是我站在你面前

Yet, you don’t know that I love you 你却不知道我爱你

The furthest distance in the world 世界上最遥远的距离

Is not when I stand in front of you, 不是我站在你面前

Yet, you can’t see my love 你却看不到我的爱

But when, undoubtedly, knowing 而是明明知道彼此相爱

the love from both 却不能在一起

Yet, cannot be together

The furthest distance in the world 世界上最遥远的距离

Is not being apart, while being in love 不是明明知道彼此相爱却不能在一起

But when plainly I can not resist the yearning 而是明明无法抵挡这股思念

Yet, pretending you have never been in my heart 却还得故意装作你不曾在我心上

The furthest distance in the world 世界上最遥远的距离

Is not you have never been in my heart, 不是你不曾在我心上

But using one’s indifferent heart 而是用冷漠的心对爱你的人

to dig an insurmountable river 掘出一道无法逾越的鸿沟

for the one who loves you

句子重读（Stressed words in a sentence）

在句子并非所有的单词都要重读。一些单词失去重音，而另一些单词要重读。这些重读的音节就构成了句重音。一般来说，实词在句中重读，包括名词，实义动词，形容词，数词，

副词，某些代词，感叹词。例如：

1. 名词(noun)在一般情况下在句中重读.

eg. 'Cathy is a 'teacher. / 'Monkey is an 'animal.

2. 形容词(adjetive)一般都有语句重读.

eg. Our 'college 'life is 'rich and 'colorful.

3. 数词(numeral)分为基数词和序数词，两者在句中都应该重读.

eg. We 'have '16 'classes a 'week in the 'training 'camp.

My 'second 'brother is a 'doctor.

4. 实义动词(notional verb) 有完整的意义，在句中做谓语，一般都有语句重读.

eg. I 'love you 'more than I can 'say.

5. 副词(adverb)

eg. He 'seals the 'envelope 'slowly and 'carefully.

(除非特别强调, 用作“非常”、 “极其”的意思时不重读.

eg. It is a most 'interesting 'film.

副词enough前有形容词或者副词的时候不重读.

eg. He 'ran 'fast enough.

程度副词当后面有重读单词时不重读.

eg. He’s rather too 'young. It’s only just 'midnight.

6. 某些代词(pronoun)

指示代词: this(这个), that（那个）, these, those

疑问代词: who, whom, whose, what, which, whose在疑问句中重读

eg. 'What’s 'that in the 'sky? 'These are much 'better than 'those.

名词性物主代词: mine, yours, hers, his, theirs, ours

eg. 'Give me 'hers and take 'yours.

7. 叹词(interjection)

eg. 'My, what a 'downpour! 哎呀,好大的雨啊! 'Dear 'me! 哎呀

(在某些情况下, 虚词也需要重读.

1) 助动词, 情态动词和be动词在如下情况下重读.

a. 在一般疑问句中和选择疑问句中要重读

eg. 'Do you 'like 'swimming or 'skating?

b. 用做一般疑问句的简单回答时要重读.(在句末的动词和助动词一般要重读)

eg. 'Have you 'had your 'lunch? Yes, I 'have.

c. 否定形式中要重读

eg. 'Jon 'isn’t a 'good 'boy. 'Jon is 'not a 'good 'boy.

d. 在强调句中助动词要重读

eg. He 'did' finish the 'work..

e. 情态动词ought to, must, should, may表推测时,通常要重读

eg. He 'must be a 'lawyer.

2) 连词：表示特别强调或者用来表达一种特殊的感情，连词重读；

eg. We must 'get it, 'however 'expensive it 'is.

3) 介词：双音节的介词要重读

eg. The 'dog 'run 'after him.

Exercise 1:

① Did the boys see the teacher after the class? ② That's what I told you.

④ The old woman is walking very slowly. ⑤ Oh, what a beautiful day!

⑥ Who are you talking to?

⑦ I asked him a question, but he didn't answer me.

⑧ I asked him a question, but he did not answer me.

⑨ This is the book that I bought yesterday.

( Reading Exercise: Your Sense of Taste

Taste is one of our five senses. The others are hearing, sight, touch, and smell. You hear with your ears, you see with your eyes, and you taste things with your tongue.

On your tongue, you have groups of tiny taste buds. Taste buds send information about food to your brain. You have a lot of taste buds, maybe even 10000. People don’t have the same number of them. Women often have more taste buds than men.

Because of your taste buds, foods like ice cream and bananas taste sweet. French fries, cheese, and ocean water taste salty. Lemons have a sour taste, and coffee is bitter. W 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 your back. You will eat grass, and you lack intelligence. You will live for 40 years.” The mule answered, “To live like this for 40 years is too much. Please, give me no more than 20.”And it was so.

Then God created the dog and told him, “You will hold vigilance over the dwellings of Man. To him you will be his greatest companion. You will eat his table scraps and live for 25 year.” The dog responded, “Lord, to live 25 years as a dog is too much. Please, no more than 10 years.” And it was so.

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