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Unit 1语法小专题(Grammar Focus)
语法精讲
一、情态动词的基本用法
情态动词是表示说话人的语气、情态等的一类词。如:can(能,会)、may(可以),以后我们还将学到must(必须),should(应该),would(应该、想要)等。情态动词在运用时有以下三方面的特征:
1,情态动词无主语人称及单复数的变化。eg:
They can play the piano.
She can speak a little English.
You may watch TV after supper.
2.情态动词在句中运用时,后接动词原形。eg:The girl can sing English songs.
I can play Chinese chess.
3.含情态动词的肯定句变为一般疑问句时,将情态动词提至句首,后加“?”;变否定句时,在情态动词后加上“not”即可。eg:
This boy can dance well.
→—Can this boy dance well?(一般疑问句)
-Yes, he can./No, he can't.
→This boy can't dance well.(否定句)
二、情态动词can的用法小结
can是情态动词,意为“能;会”,表示某人或某物具备的能力,还可用来提出请求,没有人称和数的变化后面直接接动词原形。下面来看一下它的具体用法。
1,表示有能力做某事,意为“能;会"。 eg:
I can speak English.我会讲英语。
He can play basketball. 他会打篮球。
2、表示许可,意为“可以"。eg:
You can sit here.你可以坐在这儿。
下面一起来看一下can的句型变换:
(1)变为否定句
变为否定句时在情态动词can后加not,缩写为can't。 eg:
She can't play the piano.她不会弹钢琴。
(2)变为一般疑问句
变为一般疑问句时直接将情态动词can提到句首。肯定回答为:Yes,主语+can.否定回答为:No,主语+can't. eg:
-Can you speak Japanese?你会讲日语吗?
-Yes, I can./No, I can't,是的,我会。/不,我不会。
【注意】 用Certainly.作肯定回答,语气更肯定;用Sorry.作否定回答,语气则更委婉、客气。eg:
-Can you sing? 你会唱歌吗?
-Certainly,I can.我当然会。
-Sorry, I can’t.很抱歉,我不会。
(3)变为特殊疑问句
变为特殊疑问句时,其句型通常为“疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+ ...?"eg:
What can you do?你会做什么?
语法精练
Ⅰ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.I can't (play)chess with you.I have too much homework to do.
2.-Can your parents (speak)English?
-Yes, they can.
3.What can your sister (do)?
4. Can you (swim) in the swimming pool with us on weekends?
5. Jim (can not) dance.
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
6.你妹妹会游泳吗?
your sister ?
7.凯特会做什么?
What Kate ?
8.艾丽斯不会下象棋。
Alice chess.
9.我会弹吉他。
I .
10.—你会讲汉语吗?—不会。
- you Chinese?
—No, I .
Ⅱ.按要求完成下列句子,每空一词。
I can speak Chinese well.(改为一般疑问句)
you Chinese well?
12.Tom can ride a horse.(改为否定句)
Tom a horse.Unit 2语法小专题(Grammar Focus)
语法精讲
一、询问时间
询问时间用what time或when。
what time用来询问做某事的具体时刻;when用来询问做某事的具体时刻或时间段。eg:
-What time/When does he go home?
他几点/什么时候回家?
-He goes home at half past four.
他四点半回家。
—When do you usually watch TV?
你通常什么时候看电视?
—In the evening.在晚上。
二、一般现在时的运用
一般现在时的判断:
当我们遇到一个句子,要判断这个句子用不用一般现在时,可以从以下几个方面着手:
当句中用到副词often(经常)、usually
(通常)、sometimes(有时)或always(总是)等,同时该句中无表示在过去或在将来的时间状语时,这个句子就用一般现在时。eg:
The student often plays basketball at school.那个学生经常在学校打篮球。
My friends always help me with my Chinese.我的朋友们总是帮我学汉语。
Sometimes Jim plays the piano after lunch.吉姆有时在午餐后弹钢琴。
2.一般现在时常和类似every day,in the morning,on Sunday,at eight o'clock,in the morning等具有周期性的时间状语连用。eg:
That teacher takes the number 17 bus to school in the morning.那名教师早上乘坐17路公交车去学校。
I watch TV every day.我每天看电视。
3.一般表示某人或某物现阶段的特征、性质、能力等以及现实社会和自然界中的客观现象,包括真理性的内容时,用一般现在时的句子表达。eg:
The girl is beautiful.She works in a shop.那个女孩很漂亮。她在一家商店工作。
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
语法精练
I.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.Mary usually (go)shopping with her mother on Sunday.
2. Peter (take)a shower in the evening or in the morning?
3. Lisa (not do) her homework in the evening.
4. She never (have) breakfast.
5. What time Jack (eat) lunch?
Ⅱ.按要求完成下列句子,每空一词。
My sister usually gets up at 6:30.(对画线部分提问)
does your sister usually get up?
7.We will go to the bookstore after school.(对画线部分提问)
will you go to the bookstore?
8.They do their homework at home at night.(改为一般疑问句)
they their homework at home at night?
9.My father brushes his teeth at 7:40 a.m.(改为否定句)
My father his teeth at 7:40 a.m.
10.Rick often does sports in the morning.(对画线部分提问)
Rick in the morning?
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
11.——里克几点吃早饭?
——他七点十分吃早饭。
— Rick breakfast?
—He breakfast ten seven.
12.——你的朋友们什么时候锻炼?
——他们通常在周末锻炼。
— your friends ?
—They weekends.
13.妈妈总是很早起床。
My mother early.
14.琳达从不在晚上看电视。
Linda TV in the evening.
Unit 3语法小专题(Grammar Focus)
语法精讲
交通方式的具体表达
1.使用介词
(1)“by+表示交通工具的单数名词”,其中名词只能用单数形式,且不能被冠词或物主代词等修饰。eg:
I go to school by bike.我骑自行车去上学。
(2)“by+表示交通路线的名词”,表示“通过陆路、水路、航空”,用by land(从陆路),by sea(从海路),by water(从水路),by air(乘飞机)等。eg:
Mr. White often goes to England by air. 怀特先生经常坐飞机去英国。
(3)“on/in+修饰语+表示交通工具的单数名词”,其中修饰语(冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等)不可省略。on多用于开放式或半封闭式的交通工具,而in多用于封闭式的交通工具。eg:
I go to school on my bike every day.
我每天骑自行车去上学。
My father often goes to work in his car.我父亲经常自己开车去上班。
2.使用动词
(1)“动词+修饰语+表示交通工具的单数名词”。如take/catch a bus/train(乘公共汽车/火车),ride a bike/horse(骑自行车/马)。eg:
He often catches a train to Shanghai.
他经常坐火车去XX。
We can ride a horse to our hometown.
我们可以骑马回家乡。
(2)“动词+to+地点名词/地点副词”。常用的动词有fly,walk,drive,ride等。fly to some place=go to some place by air/plane,drive to some place=go to some place by car/bus/taxi等。eg:
Does he fly to England?=Does he go to England by air?他坐飞机去英国吗?
【注意】表示“步行去某地”用walk to some place= go to some place on foot. eg:
We walk to school.=We go to school on foot.我们步行去上学。
语法精练
I.用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空。
bus,get,how far,walk,take
1.— is your home from here?
—Two miles.
2. It takes him three hours home by train.
3. She to school every day because she lives near school.
4.I often the subway to work.
5. Taking a is the most popular way of getting to school.
Ⅱ.按要求完成下列句子,每空一词。
6. She goes to school on foot.(改为同义句)
She school.
7.They're taking the bus to the farm next Sunday.(改为同义句)
They are to the farm next Sunday.
8.She usually goes to work by bus.(对画线部分提问)
she usually go to work?
9.We usually go to school by bike.(用by bus改为选择疑问句)
you usually go to school by bike or by bus?
10.It takes her fifteen minutes to get to school.(对画线部分提问)
does it take her to get to school?
Unit 4语法小专题(Grammar Focus)
语法精讲
祈使句的运用
1.定义
表示请求、命令、警告、建议等的句子叫祈使句。在祈使句中,一般以动词原形开头,通常省略主语you,句末可以用感叹号或句号。
2.祈使句的句式结构
祈使句句式
肯定形式
否定形式
P型:Please+动词原形十其他
Please stand up.
Please don't
stand up.
V型:动词原形+其他
Put away your things.
Don't talk in
class.
L型:Let+宾语+动词原形+其他
Let me help
you.
Don't let her
go.
B型:Be+表语
Be careful!
Don't be late
for class!
N型:No+名词/动名词
NO SMOK-
ING!
3.对祈使句的基本回答
(1)A:Tom,take the box to Mr.Wu's office.汤
姆,把盒子搬到吴先生的办公室去。
B:肯定回答:Yes,I will.好的,我会做的。
否定回答:Sorry,I can't carry it.对不起,我搬不动它。
(2)A: Don't listen to music in class.课堂上不要听音乐。
B:No, I won't.好的,我不会的。(用于自己之前没做过,同时也表明自己今后也不会做时)或Sorry,I won't do it in future.对不起,我今后不会这样做了。(用于自己犯错,被别人禁止做时)
(3)A:Let's go out for a walk.(用“Let's do sth."时,常用于提出建议)
B:肯定回答:That's a good idea.或That sounds good.(直接表示赞同)
否定回答:Oh,no.It's too hot.或Oh,no.Let's watch TV at home.(可用“No”作否定回答,并适当解释或提出自己的见解)
祈使句一般要对方去做的动作是在将来发生。肯定回答时常用“Yes,I will”;否定回答时常用“No,I won't"等。“will”为“将要”之意,“won't”为“will”和“not”的缩写形式,为“将不,将不会”之意。
语法精练
I.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. (do)your homework right now(立刻).
2.Please (be)quiet.
3. (not let) the dog come in.
4.No (swim)!
5.Stop (talk)!
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
6.到这儿来。
.
7.别让他们玩电脑游戏。
computer games.
8.快点!
quick!
9.不要在这儿吃东西。
here.
10.让我们骑自行车到那儿吧。
the bike to get there.
11.别在走廊里跑。
in the hallways.
Unit 5语法小专题(Grammar Focus)
语法精讲
一、形容词
形容词用来修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定放在名词前面,有时也可放在后面。下面只介绍性质形容词。
直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词,我们称之为性质形容词。它有比较级和最高级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语或补语。如cold(冷的),happy(快乐的),tall(高的),beautiful(美丽的)等性质形容词在形容词中占大多数。eg:
She is a beautiful girl.她是个漂亮的女孩。
The girl is beautiful.这个女孩很漂亮。(表)
We'll do our best to make our city beautiful.我们将尽力使我们的城市美丽。 作宾语补足语
二、特殊疑问句
1.特殊疑问句的定义及特殊疑问词
特殊疑问句就是对句中某一特定部分进行提问的疑问句,句首用特殊疑问词,句末用问号,一般读降调。特殊疑问词包括wh-开头的特殊疑问词,或how及以how开头的词组。它们分别是:who,whom,whose,which, what, when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how long, how soon, how often, how far 等。
2.特殊疑问句的两种语序
(1)当疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语时,要用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后。eg:
Who is waiting for you?谁在等你?
(2)当疑问词不作主语时,要用疑问语序,即疑问词十一般疑问句?eg:
What animals do you like?你喜欢什么动物?
Where is the panda from?大熊猫来自哪里?
3.疑问副词why的用法
(1)疑问副词wh 内容过长,仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览,全文请查看图片预览。 on.
What did Susan do yesterday afternoon?
Bill cleaned the room with Jack this morning.
Who cleaned the room with Jack this morning?
3.They went to the village last month.
Where did they go last month?
4.Helen joined the club three weeks ago.
When did Helen join the club?
5. Our school trip was great.
How was your school trip?
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
6.—上周末你们干什么了?—我们去划船了。
—What did you do last weekend?
—We went boating.
7.——上周六她去哪儿了?——她去农场了。
—Where did she go last Saturday?
—She went to the farm.
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