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2021 考研英语（二）真题

Section I Use of EnglishIt's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder,（1） to understand theirnegative harder,consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiplecomponents. （2） one and the others become distorted.Travel on a London bus and you'll （3） see how this works with drivers. Watchpeople get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do peopleget on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to（4） that people have paid?Possibly, but very few.And people who run for the bus? They are（ 5） . How aboutjumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.Why? Because the target is（ 6） . People complained that buses were late andinfrequent. （7） ,the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were（ 8） or punished according to the time they took.And drivers hit these targets. But they （9） hit cyclists. If the target was changed to （10） you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing.If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more（ 11） drivers who obeyed traffic laws.But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.There is another（ 12） : people became immensely inventive in hitting targets.Have you（ 13） that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time?Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a（14） is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight.The（15） of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiplecriteria. Choose one criterion and you may well（16） others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a （ 17） Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploringconsequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria （ 18） critical factors such as time, money,, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to（ 19）just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better（ 20） the objective.1.A. therefore B. again C. moreover D.however2.A. identify B.assess C.emphasize D. explain3.A.curiously B.quickly C.eagerly D. nearly4.A. check B.prove C. recall D. claim5.A. threatened B.mocked C. ignored D. blamed6.A. hospitality B.competition C. punctuality D. innovation7.A. Yet B.Besides C. Still D. So8.A. rewarded B. trained C.grouped D.hired9.A.rather B.also C.once D.only10.A. comfort B.efficiency C. security D.revenue11.A. cautious B. quiet C. diligent D. friendly12.A. purpose B.prejudice C. policy D. problem13.A. revealed B.noticed C.admitted D.reported14.A. break B. departure C. transfer D. trip15.A.moral B.background C.style D.form16.A. sacrifice B. criticize C. tolerate D.interpret17.A. secret B.cost C.product D. task18.A. relating to B. calling for C. accounting for D. leading to19.A. predict B.restore C.specify D.create20.A. review B. achieve C. present D.modifySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirementif we plan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will changerapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain. Research by the WEFdetailed in the Harvard Business Review, finds that on average 42 per cent of the coreskills " within job roles will change by 2022. That is a very short timeline, so we canonly imagine what the changes will be further in the future.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one For individualcompanies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longerdemand and replace them with those whose skills are.That does not alwayshappen.AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company who decided to do amassive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy,ultimatelyretraining 18,000 employees. Prepandemic, other companies including Amazon andDisney had also pledged to create their own plans. When the skills mismatch is in thebroader economy though, the focus usually turns to government to handle.Efforts inCanada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us asituation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers even at timesand In regions where unemployment is high.With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. In February.at 3.5 percent and 5.5 per cent respectively, unemployment rates in Canada and the UnitedStates were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. As of May,those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although manyworker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take anobvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors,nurses and other medical personnelOf course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be adoctor in a few weeks,no matter who pays for it. But even if you cannot close thatgap,maybe you can close others, and doing so would be to the benefit of all concernedThat seems to be the case in Sweden, where the pandemic kick-started a retrainingprogram where business as well as government had a role.Reskilling in this way would be challenging in a North American context. Youcan easily imagine a chorus of "you cant do that," because teachers or nurses orwhoever have special skills, and using any support staff who has been quickly trainedis bound to end in disaster. Maybe. Or maybe it is something that can work 'ell inSweden, with its history of co-operation between business, labour and government,but not in North America where our history is very different.Then again, maybe it isakin to wartime, when extraordinary things take place, but it is business as usual afterthe fact. And yet, as in war the pandemic is teaching us that many things, includingrapid reskilling, can be done if there is a will to do them. In any case Swedens workforce is now more skilled, in more things,and more flexible than it was before.Of course, reskilling programs, whether for pandemic needs or the postpandemic world, are expensive and at a time when every ones budgets are lean thismay not be the time to implement them. Then again,extending income supportprograms to get us through the next months is expensive, too, to say nothing of thecost of having a swath of long-term unemployed in the POST-COVID years Giventhat, perhaps we should think hard about whether the pandemic can jump-start us to aplace where res killing becomes much more than a buzzword.21. Research by the World Economic Forum suggests .A. an increase in full-time employmentB. an urgent demand for new job skillsC. a steady growth of job opportunitiesD. a controversy about the “core skills”22.AT&T is cited to show .A. an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategyB.an immediate need for government supportC. the importance of staff appraisal standardsD.the characteristics of reskilling program23. Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada .A. have driven up labour costsB. have proved to be inconsistentC. have met with fierce oppositionD. have appeared to be insufficient24. We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was .A. a call for policy adjustmentB. a change in hiring practicesC. a lack of medical workersD.a sign of economic recovery25.Scandinavian Airlines decided to______.A. Great job vacancies for the unemployedB. Prepare their laid-off workers for other jobsC.Retrain their cabin staff for better servicesD. finance their staff' s college educationText 2With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 rganizing an online meeting. Write an email to Jack, aninternational student.1) invite him to participate, and2) tell him the detailsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use "Li Ming"instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B48. Directions:

Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

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