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被动语态(一)

语态用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，表示主语是动作的执行者；另一种是被动语态，表示主语是动作的承受者。下面的两个例句可以帮助大家理解二者的用法。

1. Kelly cleans the house every day. (该句为主动语态，主语Kelly是动作clean的执行者，宾语the house是动作clean的承受者。)

2. The house is cleaned by Kelly every day. (该句为被动语态，主语the house是动作clean的承受者，动作的执行者Kelly由介词by引出。)

???????被动语态通常由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。如：

English is spoken in many countries.

Such books were written for middle school students.

The computer should be turned off at once.

???????被动语态可用于多种时态，本单元我们学习一般现在时的被动语态。

一、构成

be (am / is / are) +及物动词的过去分词

如：

The students are told to study hard.

The students aren't told to study hard.

—Are the students told to study hard?

—Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.

Who are told to study hard?

二、如何将主动句变成被动句

分为五步：第一步将主动句中的宾语变成被动句中的主语(宾语如为人称代词，须将宾格变为主格)；第二步根据这个主语选用相应的助动词be (am / is /are)；第三步将主动句中的谓语动词变成它的过去分词形式；第四步将主动句中的主语置于介词by之后(如为人称代词，须将主格变为宾格)；第五步将句中的其他成分加上。如：

/

课堂练习

Ⅰ. 根据所给提示词填空

1. Football _______(play) in most countries in the world.

2. I _______(ask) to study hard every day.

3. The hotel rooms _______(clean) by the staff every morning.

4. Usually these songs _______(sing) by boys.

5. This beach _______(see) as the most beautiful one in the country. We all like going there.

Ⅱ. 句型转换

1. I am paid weekly by my company. (改为否定句)

_______ _______ _______ weekly by my company.

2. The lions at the zoo are fed every day. (改为否定句)

The lions at the zoo _______ _______ every day.

3. Chocolate is loved by everybody. (改为一般疑问句)

_______ chocolate _______ by everybody?

4. The cows are milked by Jackie every morning. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定及否

定回答)

—_______ the cows _______ by Jackie every morning?

—_______, _______ _______.

—_______, _______ _______.

5. This pen is used by my brother. (对划线部分提问)

_______ _______ this pen _______ by?

6. Tea isn't drunk with milk in Turkey. (对划线部分提问)

_______ _______ tea _______ with milk?

Ⅲ. 将下列句子改为被动句

1. I enjoy the band's music.

__________________________________________

2. My father often reads the writer's articles.

__________________________________________

3. The cleaners take away the rubbish every day.

__________________________________________

答案

Ⅰ. 1. is played 2. am asked 3. are cleaned

4. are sung 5. is seen

Ⅱ. 1. I'm not paid 2. aren't fed 3. Is; loved

4. Are; milked; Yes; they are; No; they aren't

5. Who / Whom is; used 6. Where isn't; drunk

Ⅲ. 1. The band's music is enjoyed by me.

2. The writer's articles are often read by my father.

3. The rubbish is taken away by the cleaners every day.

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