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初中英语语法---时某某
一、一般现在时:
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况以及客观真理。
2.时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
3.基本结构:①be动词am/is/are;②行为动词(原形或三单)
4.否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时某某的谓语动词若为行为动词原形,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.动词的第三人称词尾变化:当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-es:
规则
动词原形
第三人称单数形式
一般在词尾加-s,(清辅音后读"s",在浊辅音后读"z";在t后读"ts",在d后读"dz"。)
play
leave
swim
plays
leaves
swims
以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es,读"iz",如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。
pass
fix
teach
wish
do
passes
fixes
teaches
wishes
does
以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为i, 再加-es,读"z"。
study
carry
fly
studies
carries
flies
注意:动词have的第三人称单数是has.
7. 一般现在时的用法
(1)表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有: always、often、 usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。
例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。
I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
(2)表示现在的状态。
例如:My father is at work. He is very busy. 我父亲在工作,他很忙。
The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。
(3)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。
例如:All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。
(4)表示客观真理,客观存在,自然现象。
例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. **_*国东部。
(5)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start, begin, leave, go, come, arrive, return, take place等。
例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。
(6)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。
例如: I'll tell him the news when he comes back.
他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
If you take the job , they will talk with you in details.
如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈细节。
即学即练
(一)给出下列动词的第三人称单数
talk______ forget________ hope______stop______write_______ relax________
perform_________play______say______buy______ worry______ catch_________
fly______study_______like_______make______take______love______ pass_______
recite_______go________come______drive_______shine_______
wish________
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Miss Guo ______ (teach) us Chinese this term. She ______ (be) a very good teacher. She often ______ (talk) with us after class. Many of us like ______ (talk) with her.
2. Where ______ their father______ (work)? He ______ (work) on a farm.3. If he _______(arrive), please give me a phone call.
4.She ____ (go) to school at eight o’clock.
5.The teacher told us that the sun______ (rise) in the east.
(三)根据要求改写句子。
1.She has a nice cap.(变为否定句)
2.They play football in the garden everyday.(变一般疑问句,并做肯定及否定回答)
3. There is an egg in the basket.(变成复数形式的句子)
二、一般过去时:
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:①be动词was/were;②行为动词过去式
4.否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6. 动词过去式的规则变化:
构成规则
动词原形
动词过去式
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed,(在清辅音后读"t";在浊辅音和元音后读"d";在t, d后读"id"。
look
play
work
looked
played
worked
结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d
like
live
liked
lived
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed
plan
stop
drop
planned
stopped
dropped
结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“I”再加-ed
study
worry
cry
studied
worried
cried
注:不规则动词过去式参见八年级下册P142。
7. 一般过去时的用法
(1)表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago, just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。
例如:Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
We visited the factory last week. 上周我们参观了那家工厂。
(2)表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作。常与often, always等表示频度的副词连用。
例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。?
When I was in the countryside, I always swam in the river.
当我在乡下时,我常常在河里游泳。
(3)一般过去式也可与today, this week, this month, this year等表现在的时间状语连用,但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间,决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。
例如:Did you see him today? 今天你看见他了吗?
有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定的时间状语,但实际上是指过去发生了的动作或存在的状态。
例如:I don’t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。
I thought you were ill.我以为你病了。
即学即练
(一)将下列动词变成过去式。
look_______ watch_______ like______ hope______ decide______ plan______ stop_______ carry______ study______ play______ stay______ let______
put_______ read_______ catch _____ teach_____
buy______ bring______ think ______ sit_____ write______ drive_______ ring______ sink______
run______ give_______ win _______ know ______ grow______ throw_______ draw _____ show_____ feel______ sleep_______ keep_____ meet_______(二)用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I_______________ (buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday.2. — What day_____________ (be) it yesterday? — It______________ (be) Friday.3. She_____________ (give) me a book a moment ago.4. The girl___________ (get) up very early this morning.5. I didn’t know that he _______(be) an English teacher.
(三)按要求改写下列各句。1. I was at home this morning. (改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答) 2. He did morning exercises in the morning. (改为否定句)
3. They had a big dinner yesterday. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
4. I went to see my uncle last Sunday. (改为否定句)
三、现在进行时:
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.动词V-ing的构成形式
规则
原形
-ing形式
一般在动词原形末尾加-ing
listen
spend
stay
listening
spending
staying
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
have
prepare
close
having
preparing
closing
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing
sit
begin
run
put
sitting
beginning
running
putting
以ie为重读音节结尾的动词,先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-ing
lie
die
lying
dying
以er结尾的动词,如是重读音节结尾,先双写r,再加-ing;如不是尾,就直接加-ing
prefer
water
preferring
watering
7、现在进行时的用法:
(1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment等时间壮语连用。
例如:We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。
(2)表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。
例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel.
他在写另一部小说。
He is thinking about this problem these days.
这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。
(3)表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always, constantly, forever等词连用,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
例如:You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
(4)表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
例如:The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
?(5)表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。
①表移动的终止性动词(come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等)用于现在进行时,表示即将要发生动作。
例如:I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。
②一些持续性动词用于进行时,表将来,表示说话者对对方将要做的事情的一种关心。
例如:Are you staying here till next week?
你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
即学即练
(一)写出下列动词的现在分词:
play______run__________swim________make_______go________
like________
write_______read________have_______sing_______dance_______
put______
buy______love______come________get________stop________
sit________
begin________shop__________live take see (二)用现在进行时完成下列句子:
1. What_________you__________ (do)?
2. I_____________ (sing) an English song.
3. He______________(mend) a car.
4. We_______________ (play) games now.
5. ______Helen__________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is(三)根据要求改写下列句子。
1.Laura is flying to Hong Kong tomorrow.(否定句、一般疑问句、对划线部分提问)
2.Alisa is writing a book.(否定句、一般疑问句、对划线部分提问)
过去进行时:
过去进行时表示在过去某个时候正在进行的动作或过去某个阶段正在做的事情。
例如:1) He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.
2) When I came in, they were having supper.
1.过去进行时的用法:
(1)表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作,通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。
例如:At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.
昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营。
I was mending my bike at 10 o’clock yesterday.
昨天10点我在修理自行车。
(2)表移动的动词,如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作。
例如:She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.
她告诉我她将去海南度假。
He didn’t say when she was coming.
他没有说她将什么时候来。
(3)在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行。
例如:It was raining when they left the station.
他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。
即学即练
用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.I (cook) breakfast when you arrived.
2.What you ( do) at this time yesterday evening?
3.We (have) dinner when the doorbell rang.
4.They _____ (not make) a model ship when I saw hi 内容过长,仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览,全文请查看图片预览。 p too late or you’ll feel sleepy in class.
—OK. I’ll go to bed as soon as I _____ my homework.
A. finish B. will finish C. have finished D. am finishing
27. We are not sure if it ________ tomorrow. If it________, we won’t go hiking.
A. will rain; rains B. will rain ; will rain
C. rains; rains D. rains; will rain
28. If you _____ him tomorrow, please ask him if he _/____ to work with us.
A. see, goes B. will see, goes C. will see, will go D. see, will go
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