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Alevel化学数据手册

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Cambridge Pre-U Revised Syllabus Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level in Chemistry (9701) For use from 2016 in all papers for the above syllabus, except practical examinations. CST314 ****31* doc.001pp.com.uk/alevel Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701 syllabus. General syllabus requirements and information Syllabus for examination in 2019, 2020 and 2021. Contents: Tables of Chemical data 1 Important values, constants and standards 2 Ionisation energies (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th) of selected elements in kJ mol–1 3 Bond energies 4 Standard electrode potential and reduction potentials, E)? at 298 K (25 °C) 5 Atomic and ionic radii 6 Typical proton (1H) chemical shift values (δ) relative to TMS = 0 7 Typical carbon (13C) chemical shift values (δ) relative to TMS = 0 8 Characteristic infra-red absorption frequencies for some selected bonds 9 The orientating effect of groups in aromatic substitution reactions 10 Names, structures and abbreviations of some amino acids 11 The Periodic Table of Elements 76 doc.001pp.com.uk/alevel Back to contents page Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701 syllabus. General syllabus requirements and information Syllabus for examination in 2019, 2020 and 2021. 1 Important values, constants and standards molar gas constant the Faraday constant the Avogadro constant the Planck constant speed of light in a vacuum rest mass of proton, 11H rest mass of neutron, 01n rest mass of electron, -01e electronic charge molar volume of gas ionic product of water specific heat capacity of water R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1 F = 9.65 × 104 C mol–1 L = 6.02 x 1023 mol–1 h = 6.63 × 10–34 J s c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1 mp = 1.67 × 10–27 kg mn = 1.67 × 10–27 kg me = 9.11 × 10–31 kg e = –1.60 × 10–19 C Vm = 22.4 dm3 mol–1 at s.t.p Vm = 24.0 dm3 mol–1 under room conditions (where s.t.p. is expressed as 101 kPa, approximately, and 273 K (0 °C)) Kw = 1.00 × 10–14 mol2 dm–6 (at 298 K (25 °C)) = 4.18 kJ kg–1 K–1 (= 4.18 J g–1 K–1) Back to contents page doc.001pp.com.uk/alevel 77 Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701 syllabus. General syllabus requirements and information Syllabus for examination in 2019, 2020 and 2021. 2 Ionisation energies (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th) of selected elements in kJ mol–1 Proton number First Second Third Fourth H 1 1310 – – – He 2 2370 5250 – – Li 3 519 7300 11800 – Be 4 900 1760 14800 21000 B 5 799 2420 3660 25000 C 6 1090 2350 4610 6220 N 7 1400 2860 4590 7480 O 8 1310 3390 5320 7450 F 9 1680 3370 6040 8410 Ne 10 2080 3950 6150 9290 Na 11 494 4560 6940 9540 Mg 12 736 1450 7740 10500 Al 13 577 1820 2740 11600 Si 14 786 1580 3230 4360 P 15 1060 1900 2920 4960 S 16 1000 2260 3390 4540 Cl 17 1260 2300 3850 5150 Ar 18 1520 2660 3950 5770 K 19 418 3070 4600 5860 Ca 20 590 1150 4940 6480 Sc 21 632 1240 2390 7110 Ti 22 661 1310 2720 4170 V 23 648 1370 2870 4600 Cr 24 653 1590 2990 4770 Mn 25 716 1510 3250 5190 Fe 26 762 1560 2960 5400 Co 27 757 1640 3230 5100 Ni 28 736 1750 3390 5400 Cu 29 745 1960 3350 5690 Zn 30 908 1730 3828 5980 Ga 31 577 1980 2960 6190 Br 35 1140 2080 3460 4850 78 doc.001pp.com.uk/alevel Back to contents page Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701 syllabus. General syllabus requirements and information Syllabus for examination in 2019, 2020 and 2021. Proton number First Second Third Fourth Rb 37 403 2632 3900 5080 Sr 38 548 1060 4120 5440 Ag 47 731 2074 3361 5000 I 53 1010 1840 3000 4030 Cs 55 376 2420 3300 4400 Ba 56 502 966 3390 4700 Back to contents page doc.001pp.com.uk/alevel 79 Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701 syllabus. General syllabus requirements and information Syllabus for examination in 2019, 2020 and 2021. 3 Bond energies 3(a) Bond energies in diatomic molecules (these are exact values) Homonuclear Bond H−H D−D N≡N O=O P≡P S=S F−F Cl −Cl Br−Br I−I Energy/kJ mol–1 436 442 944 496 485 425 158 242 193 151 Heteronuclear Bond H−F H−Cl H−Br H−I C≡O Energy/kJ mol–1 562 431 366 299 1077 80 doc.001pp.com.uk/alevel Back to contents page Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701 syllabus. General syllabus requirements and information Syllabus for examination in 2019, 2020 and 2021. 3(b) Bond energies in polyatomic molecules (these are average values) Homonuclear Heteronuclear Bond Energy/kJ mol–1 Bond C−C 350 C−H C=C 610 C−Cl C≡C 840 C−Br C–�?ndash;C (benzene) 520 C−I N−N 160 C−N N=N O−O Si−Si P−P S−S 410 C=N 150 C≡N 225 C−O 200 C=O 265 C=O in CO2 N−H N−Cl O−H Si−Cl Si−H Si−O (in SiO2(s)) Si=O (in SiO2(g)) P−H P−Cl P−O P=O S−H S−Cl S−O S=O Energy/kJ mol–1 410 340 280 240 305 610 890 360 740 805 390 310 460 360 320 460 640 320 330 340 540 340 250 360 500 Back to contents page doc.001pp.com.uk/alevel 81 Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701 syllabus. General syllabus requirements and information Syllabus for examination in 2019, 2020 and 2021. 4 Standard electrode (reduction) potentials, E)?at 298 K (25 °C) For ease of reference, two tables are given: (a) an extended list in alphabetical order (b) a shorter list in decreasing electrode potential, i.e. a redox series. (a) E)?in alphabetical order Electrode reaction Ag+ + e– !?Ag Al 3+ + 3e– !?Al Ba2+ + 2e– !?Ba Br2 + 2e– !?Ca2+ + 2e– !? 2Br– Ca Cl 2 + 2e– !?2HOCl + 2H+ + 2e– !?ClO– + H2O + 2e– !?Co2+ + 2e– !? 2Cl – Cl2 + 2H2O Cl – + 2OH– Co Co3+ + e– !? Co2+ [Co(NH3)6]2+ + 2e– !?Cr2+ + 2e– !? Co + 6NH3 Cr Cr3+ + 3e– !?Cr Cr3+ + e– !? Cr2+ Cr2O72– + 14H+ + 6e– !?Cu+ + e– !? 2Cr3+ + 7H2O Cu Cu2+ + 2e– !?Cu Cu2+ + e– !?Cu+ [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2e– !?F2 + 2e– !?Fe2+ + 2e– !? Cu + 4NH3 2F– Fe Fe3+ + 3e– !?Fe Fe3+ + e– !? Fe2+ [Fe(CN)6]3– + e– !?Fe(OH)3 + e– !?2H+ + 2e– !?2H2O + 2e– !?I2 + 2e– !?K+ + e– !? [Fe(CN)6]4– Fe(OH)2 + OH– H2 H2 + 2OH– 2I – K E )?V +0.80 –1.66 –2.90 +1.07 –2.87 +1.36 +1.64 +0.89 –0.28 +1.82 –0.43 –0.91 –0.74 –0.41 +1.33 +0.52 +0.34 +0.15 –0.05 +2.87 –0.44 –0.04 +0.77 +0.36 –0.56 0.00 –0.83 +0.54 –2.92 82 doc.001pp.com.uk/alevel Back to contents page Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701 syllabus. General syllabus requirements and information Syllabus for examination in 2019, 2020 and 2021. Electrode reaction Li+ + e– !?Li Mg2+ + 2e– !?Mg Mn2+ + 2e– !?Mn Mn3+ + e– !? Mn2+ MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e– !?MnO4– + e– !?MnO4– + 4H+ + 3e– !?MnO4– + 8H+ + 5e– !?NO3– + 2H+ + e– !?NO3– + 3H+ + 2e– !?NO3– + 10H+ + 8e– !?Na+ + e– !? Mn2+ + 2H2O MnO42– MnO2 + 2H2O Mn2+ + 4H2O NO2 + H2O HNO2 + H2O NH4+ + 3H2O Na Ni2+ + 2e– !?Ni [Ni(NH3)6]2+ + 2e– !?H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e– !?HO2– + H2O + 2e– !?O2 + 4H+ + 4e– !?O2 + 2H2O + 4e– !?O2 + 2H+ + 2e– !?O2 + H2O + 2e– !?Pb2+ + 2e– !? Ni + 6NH3 2H2O 3OH– 2H2O 4OH– H2O2 HO2– + OH– Pb Pb4+ + 2e– !?Pb2+ PbO2 + 4H+ + 2e– !?SO42– + 4H+ + 2e– !?S2O82–+ 2e– !?S4O62–+ 2e– !?Sn2+ + 2e– !? Pb2+ + 2H2O SO2 + 2H2O 2SO42– 2S2O32– Sn Sn4+ + 2e– !?Sn2+ V2+ + 2e– !?V V3+ + e– !? V2+ VO2+ + 2H+ + e– !?VO2+ + 2H+ + e– !?VO3– + 4H+ + e– !?Zn2+ + 2e– !? V3+ + H2O VO2+ + H2O VO2+ + 2H2O Zn E )?V –3.04 –2.38 –1.18 +1.49 +1.23 +0.56 +1.67 +1.52 +0.81 +0.94 +0.87 –2.71 –0.25 –0.51 +1.77 +0.88 +1.23 +0.40 +0.68 –0.08 –0.13 +1.69 +1.47 +0.17 +2.01 +0.09 –0.14 +0.15 –1.20 –0.26 +0.34 +1.00 +1.00 –0.76 All ionic states refer to aqueous ions but other state symbols have been omitted. Back to contents page doc.001pp.com.uk/alevel 83 Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701 syllabus. General syllabus requirements and information Syllabus for examination in 2019, 2020 and 2021. (b) E)?in decreasing order of oxidising power (a selection only – see also the extended alphabetical list on the previous pages) Electrode reaction F2 + 2e– !?S2O82–+ 2e– !?H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e– !?MnO4– + 8H+ + 5e– !?PbO2 + 4 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 144.4 – 150.4 91 92 93 94 Pa protactinium 231.0 U uranium 238.0 Np neptunium – Pu plutonium – 63 64 Eu europium 152.0 Gd gadolinium 157.3 95 96 Am americium – Cm curium – 65 66 67 Tb terbium 158.9 Dy dysprosium 162.5 Ho holmium 164.9 97 98 99 Bk berkelium – Cf Es californium einsteinium – – 68 69 70 Er erbium 167.3 Tm thulium 168.9 Yb ytterbium 173.1 100 101 102 Fm Md No fermium mendelevium nobelium – – – 71 Lu lutetium 175.0 103 Lr lawrencium – [文章尾部最后500字内容到此结束,中间部分内容请查看底下的图片预览]请点击下方选择您需要的文档下载。

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