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目录 好老师 在领先 一、时态（一）---------------------------------------------------------------------P3 二、时态（二）--------------------------------------------------------------------P13 三、宾语从句--------------------------------------------------------------------P23 四、定语从句（一）--------------------------------------------------------------P35 五、定语从句（二）--------------------------------------------------------------P41 六、定语从句（三）--------------------------------------------------------------P45 七、非谓语动词之不定式---------------------------------------------------------P51 八、非谓语动词之动名词---------------------------------------------------------P63 九、非谓语动词之分词-----------------------------------------------------------P71 十、新题型之应用文-------------------------------------------------------------P81 十一、新题型之七选五-----------------------------------------------------------P89 十二、综合测试------------------------------------------------------------------P97 1 好老师 在领先 2 第一讲 时态（一） 好老师 在领先 一、一般现在时的用法 1. 描述有规律的或经常性的动作或 行为：常与 often, never, usually, every day 等时间状语连用。 She often studies in the library. I never wear a hat in winter. He usually spends summer in the mountains. He goes to school at six every day. 2. 表示客观存在或普遍真理： 表示目前所处的状态。(a) 表示客观存在的情况。(b) 普遍真理和科学事实。(c) a) My parents live in a village near the sea. b) England and France are separated by the English Channel. c) The earth moves around the sun. 3. 用于格言中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 Action speaks louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 4. 一般现在时常用在： 较正式的口语或书面描述 (a) 书报标题 (b) 球赛现场报道 (c) 小说、电影等的情况介绍 (d) a) A notice at the end of the road warns people not to go any further. b) Peace talks fall. 和谈失败。 c) Owen shoots, but the ball hits the post. d) The story is set in the spring of 2003. Shakespeare is the greatest master of language. 5. 表示已故著名人物的理论或著作 Darwin thinks that natural selection is the chief factor in the 仍存在并有影响。 development of species. 达尔文认为自然选择是物种发展的主要因素。 6. 代替将来时： 在 when 等引导的时间状语从句和 if 等引导的条件状语从句中，用现在 时态表示将来，用现在完成某某表示将 来完成。 When he comes here tomorrow, I’ll tell him about it. She won’t go to bed until he has finished his homework. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. There will be a picnic unless it rains tomorrow. 3 二、一般过去时的用法 好老师 在领先 1. 表示在过去某个特定时间里发生 且已完成的动作，常有过去时间状 语。 He met Mr. Wang yesterday morning. She graduated from Beijing University in 2015. We bought the house three years ago. 2. 表示在过去存在或持续了一段时 间的某种状态。 Roman Empire existed for centuries. We lived just outside Oxford in the nineties, but we didn’t have a car. 3. 表示过去习惯发生的事，或多次 She slept very badly whenever she stayed here. 反复的动作，或一连串的动作或行 My brother applied for a visa six times before he got one. 为。 I came home, picked up my mail and left. 4. 用于对一般的已故人物的情况描 Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor. 述。 Jack was a cripple (跛子) all his life. 5. 过去时和 ever, never, once 连用， a) Did you ever see a lion? 表过去的经验。(a-b) b) She never heard such a beautiful song before. 表示“过去一直到现在为止的经验”， c) Have ever seen a lion? 用现在完成某某。(c-d) d) She has never heard such a beautiful song before. 当地点状语暗示过去时间时，句子 I first met her in London. 用过去时。 He bought these books at a nearby bookstore. 与现在时形成对比，对比部分用过 a) It is much more interesting than I thought. 去(a-b); 与过去时对比，对比部分用 b) He is no longer the man he was. 过去完成(c). c) The text was far easier than we had expected. 在并列句中，第一个句子是现在完 成某某，根据含义第二个句子有时需要 用过去时。 I have been within an inch of life, and didn’t know it! He has hurt his leg, so he didn’t win the game. 4 三、一般将来时的用法 (shall/will+动词原形) 好老师 在领先 A) will/won’t; shall/shan’t 表示将来 1. will/won’t 表示“预测(prediction)” a) The weather will probably be fine tomorrow. 的将来，即根据分析判断某事肯定会 b) They will probably get here late. 发生，或某人肯定会做某事。常与副 c) Why not come over at weekend? The children will certainly 词 probably, certainly 连用。(a-c) enjoy seeing you. 用 will 表示“预测某事将发生”常某某 d) Look at the sky. It will probably/definitely rain late. (正确) 一个副词。(d-e) e) Look at those black clouds. It will rain. (错误) 2. will/won’t 表 示 “ 意 愿 和 决 心 (intention and decision)”的将来，指个 a) Oh, our guests are here. I’ll go and sort out some drink for them. 人的意愿，所作的承诺或临时做的决 b) I will come with you at the weekend, whatever my parents say! 定，或强调所下的决心。(a-c) c) I won’t let him down in any way. 陈述句中，we/I 后用 shall/shan’t d) I shall/will write you if anything comes up. 表将来稍显过时。但在疑问句必须用 e) Shall we/I take your message to her? shall. (d-e) 3. will/won’t 表示“必然趋势或结果” I’ll be sixteen years old next month. 的将来，与安排或意愿无关。 The sun will rise again tomorrow. 4. 在 疑 问 句 中 ， “will you” “shall Will you change seats with me? I/we”用于有礼貌地征询对方意见或 Shall I help you with your lesson? 主动提供帮助。 What shall we do next? Shall we take a break? B) 其他可用于表示将来的结构 1) “be going to+动词原形”表示将来 ①“根据目前情况判断某事即将发生 Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain. (future of the present cause)”，即从目 There isn’t a cloud in the sky. It is going to be a fine day. 前的证据或迹象预测可能发生的事， She’s been pregnant for nine months. She is going to have baby. 意为“将要、就要”。 她已经怀孕 9 个月，就要生孩子了。 ②“ 根 据 目 前 的 意 愿 将 要 作 某 事 We are going to have a meeting today. (future of the present intention)”，即这 He isn’t going to study tonight. 是已经考虑好了的事，意为 “打算”。 I am going to have a surprise birthday party for Ken. 5 好老师 在领先 ③使用 be going to 时应注意： “when”或“if”引导的从句用于描述随 着一件事情的发生，另一件事就将发 生时，主句不能用“be going to”表将 来。(a-b) be going to 可用于条件状语从句表示 将来，will 则不能。(c) a) When he comes, I shall/will (不用 am going to) give him your message. b) If you come our for a walk, you will (不用 are going to) feel much better. c) If you’re going to (不用 will) attend the party this evening, you’d better get your shoes cleaned. 2) “be to+动词原形”表示将来 ①表示按计划、安排将要做的事。 I am to have tea with Jack this afternoon. We are to finish this experiment in two months. He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal. ② 表 示 “ 正 式 安 排 ”(official arrangement in the future)，意为“预 The Prime Minister is to speak on television tonight. 定”，常见于报纸和广播，用于宣布 The President is to hold an official reception for the vision. 官方计划或决定。 ③表示“意志、命令”或“可能性(指某 You are to bring my luggage upstairs. 事难以避免或注定要发生)”。 These pills are not to be taken with any other form of medicine. ④用于表示意愿的 if 从句中，意为 If a man is to succeed, he must work very hard. “只有主句的行为发生后，if 从句中的 If Chinese football is to reach the world standard, both more 愿望才能实现”。 money and more commitment will be necessary. 3) “be about to+动词原形”表示将来 意为“正要，即将”，表示眼下就要发 Come on! The check-in desk is about to close. 生的事，后面一般不接将来时间状 Please take your seats. The performance is about to start. 语。常某某“be about to...when”结构。 I was about to leave when you phoned me. 4) “be due to+动词原形”表示将来 意为“定于(某时做某事) (timetabled events)”, 常与时间状语连用。 Mary is due to start school in September. I’m due to graduate in the next half of the year. The train is due to leave in five minutes. 6 5) “be on the point of” “be likely to” “be sure to” 表示将来 好老师 在领先 be on the point of 意为“正要...时”(a) be likely to 意为“有可能要” (b) be sure to 意为“必然会” (c) a) We were on the point of telephoning you when your letter arrived. b) They are likely to arrive before six. c) Anyone who goes food shopping without a list is sure to forget the things they really need. 6) 动词 plan/intend/decide/mean to do 表示将来 说 plan to do, 不说 will plan. (a) a) We plan to buy a house next year. 说 intend/decide to do, 不说 will intend/ b) When I meet him next week, I intend/decide to ask him about decide to do. (b) it. 说 mean to do, 不说 will mean to do.(c) c) I mean to tell him the bad news after the examination. 四、现在进行时的用法 (am/ is/ are +现在分词) 1. 现在进行时强调正在进行，常某某 如下情况： 表示说话时刻这一动作正在进行 a) They are playing football now though it is still raining outside. b) Don’t make so much noise. I’m working. c) More people are moving to the cities, so the cities are getting 中。(a-b) larger. 谈论正在不断变化、发展的情况。 d) Computers are becoming more and more importance in our (c-d) lives. 某些体感动词表示持续的状态。(e) e) My foot is hurting and my back is aching. 2. 少数瞬间动词的进行时表示： 不断重复的动作。(a-b) a) He is jumping with joy. b) Someone is knocking at the door. 表示从一种状态转入 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 102 [文章尾部最后500字内容到此结束,中间部分内容请查看底下的图片预览]

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