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Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

Period 4　Learning about language--Grammar :The Subject Clause

Teaching plan & design

Teaching analysis：

This is the fourth teaching period of this unit.

This teaching period mainly deals with the following: 1. Reviewing noun clauses as the object and as the predicative;
2. Learning the new grammar items: noun clauses as the subject. Students often feel noun clauses abstract and difficult to learn, so it is necessary to make the lesson interesting and lively, and connect it with their daily life in order to let it easy to accept and understand. Firstly, the teacher can ask studen
ts to read the passage HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH again, tick out all the sentences from the passage where noun clauses are used as the subject, and then translate them
into Chinese
. Secondly, compare and discover the uses of each noun clause by giving a lot of example sentences. Thirdly, do the exercises in Discovering useful structures on Page 29 and more exercises for students to master the related noun clauses. Finally, summarize the use of noun clauses as the subject and let students make it cle
ar how each noun clause is being used in the situations.

At the end of the class, ask students to do the exercises in Using structures on Page 64 (the workbook exercises) and more additional exercises for consolidation.

Teaching important points：

Get students to understand and use noun clauses as the subject.

Teaching difficult points：

Enable students to learn how to use noun clauses as the subject correctly.

Teaching goals：

Knowledge aims：

1. Get students
to know more about noun clauses.

2. Let students learn noun clauses as the subject.

What it was to become was a mystery. . .

. . . it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.

Ability aim：

Enable students to use noun clauses as the subject correctly and properly according to the context.

Emotional aims：

1. Get students to become interested in grammar learning.

2. Develop students’ sense of group coop
eration.

Teaching methods：

Task-based teaching and learning

Cooperative learning and practice

Discovering and Summarizing

Teaching aids：

A tiny blackboard and other normal teaching tools.

[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]

Teaching procedures & ways：

→Step 1 Greeting & Lead-in 2’

Good afternoon,everyone

This class，let’s deal with the grammar part：The Subject Clause.

→Step 2 Warming up 5’

Show some sentences on the blackboard. Ask students to read each of them and then find out its subject.

1.A tree has fallen across the road.

2.You are a student.

3.To find your way can be a problem.

4.Smoking is bad for you.

5.“How do you do? ” is a
greeting.

6.What she said is not yet known.

7.That we shall be late is certain.[来源:学_科_网Z_X_X_K]

8.It’s certain that we shall be late.

→Step 3 Grammar learning 23’

1. Listening and discovering 5’

Ask students to turn back to Page 25 to listen through the reading passage and find all the sentences where noun clauses are used as the subject and underline them. Then translate them into Chinese.

Suggested answers:

1) What it was to become was uncertain until between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.

地球会变成什么（样子）, 直到45亿至38亿年前这个云团变成一个固体的球状物, 才确定下来。

2) The earth became so violent that it was
not clear whether the shape would last or not.

地球变得激烈动荡, 不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。

3) What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.

更重要的是, 随着地球的冷却, 地球的表面就开始出现了水。

4) It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.

水对于生命的发展会起关键作用, 这一点在当时并不明显。

5) What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.

很多科学家相信, 由于地球上长期有水存在, 使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。

6) Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.

为什么他们突然消失了, 至今还是个谜。

7) So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

所以, 在未来的数百万年中, 生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。

2. Thinking and discussing 3’

Let students read the sentences they picked out, think over and discuss with a partner how each of these noun clauses is being used in the situations. If students have some difficulty, give them a hand.

Questions ：(what are the connectors (连接词)? How do we use them correctly ?)

3. Summing up: noun clauses as the subject. 15’

主语从句

作主语用的名词性从句, 因其在复合句中作主语, 又称主语从句。

（1）连接词:

1)连词 that, whether等。

that 引导主语从句只起引导作用, 本身无实际意义, 在主语从句中不充当任何成分, 但不能省略。

That she left him cut him to the heart.

她的离开使他很伤心。

由whether引导的主语从句放在句首、句末都可。

Whether it will please them is not easy to say. /It is not easy to say whether it will please them.

很难说这会不会使他们高兴。

2) 连接代词 who, what, which, whoever, whate
ver, whichever等。

What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.

对某些人看来很容易的事, 对另外一些人可能很困难。

3) 连接副词 when, where, how, why等。

Why he did it remains a mystery.

他为什么做那件事依然是个谜。

（2）位置

主语从句可以前置, 也可以后置。用it作形式主语, 而把主语从句放在句末, 常用下面几种句型:

1) It+be+表语+主语从句

It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.

他是不是来还没有确定。

2) It+不及物动词+主语从句

It happens that they were absent.

他们碰巧缺席了。

3) It+及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句

It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.

现经决定展览会星期日不开放。

注意:

1) 主语从句在句首时, 必须由连接词引导, 不能省略这些连接词; 但是如果用it作形式主语, 而把主语从句放在句末时, 从属连词that可以省略。

他们相互喜爱是很自然的。

误: They should like each other is natural.

正: That they should like each other is natural.

正: It is natural (that) they should like each other.

2) 如果主语从句放在句首, 不能用if引导; 但是如果用it 作形式主语, 而把主语从句放在句末时, 也可以用if引导。

玛丽是不是真听见他了, 很值得怀疑。

误: If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.

正: Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful.

正: It was doubtful whether/if Mary really heard him.

→Step 4 Grammar practice 15’

1. Turn to Page 29. Ask students to do Exercise 2 and Exercise 3 in Discovering useful structures. First let them finish them individually. Then check the answers with the whole class. Give some explanations if necessary. 10’[来源:学#科#网]

2. Ask students to finish the following exercises within 5 minutes. Then check the answers with the whole class. Take out the English Weekly paper, 3rd edition of 25th issue，do the exercise III of part 2. (optional（可选的）, if time limited, let them do it as homework) 5’

PS: English Weekly exercises：Fill in the blanks with proper connectors (连接词). [来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K]

1._____he got the first prize in the English Contest surprised all of us.

2._____we will go to visit Hong Kong in this winter vocation remains unknown.

3._____will take the place of Mr Liu as our new headmaster hasn’t been decided.

4._____caused the accident to happen has’t been made clear yet.

5.It’s a pity __ he can’t take part in the outing with us because of his sick mother.

6.It doesn’t matter _____ she has been to America or not. _______really matters is how fluently sh
e can speak English.

7. It so happened ______ he arrived
home when I went out to pick him up at the station.

8. _______ he found the way home after he lost his way in the deep forest is not clear to us.

(1That 2Whether /How /When 3Who 4What 5that 6whether,What 7that 8How)

→Step 5 Discussion （optional）

Let students have a discussion in groups. The topic is “My problem”. One talks about the problems in his study or life. The others should give some advice or suggestions. Remind students to use the following structures:

(Show the following on the blackboard to help students. )

The fact is/It is a fact that. . .

The difficulty is. . . /What I find difficult is. . .

The trouble is. . . /What worries me is. . .

My suggestion is. . . /What I would suggest is. . .

M
y advice is. . . /What I would advise is. . .

I think that. . . /What I think is. . .

I want to tell you that. . . /What I want to say is. . .

→Step 6 Homework 1’

1. Finish off the workbook exercises (in Using structures on Page 64).

2. Preview the reading passage A VISIT TO THE MOON on Page 30, find the sentences in which noun clauses are used, and see if you can understand them.

Blackboard 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 f )

That she left him cut him to the heart.

Whether it will please them is not easy to say.



连接代词: who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.



连接
副词: when, where, how, why

Why he did it remains a mystery.



it作形式主语



It+be+表语+主语从句

It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.



It+不及物动词+主语从句

It happens that they were absent.



It+及物动词（被动语态
）+主语从句

It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.





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