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公司人格确认原则确立案例
2008-7-29 17:18 【大 中 小】【我要纠错】
Salomon v Salomon & Co.Ltd
【编者按】萨罗门诉萨***案确***人格确认原则。1897年英国衡平法院对Salomon v. Salomon & Co., Ltd. 一案作出的判决。Salomon 是一个多年从事皮靴业务的商人。1892年他决定将他拥有的靴店卖给了有他本人组***,以享有有限责任的优惠。靴店的转让价格为39000英镑。作为对价,公司发行了每股1英镑的股份20007股,除他的妻子和其五个孩子各拥有1股外,Salomon本人拥有20001股(显然,Salomon的妻子和其五个孩子只是名义股东,目的是达到当时法律规定的最低股东人数)。此外,公司还以其所有资产作担保向Salomon 发行了10000英镑的债券,其余差额用现金支付。但公司很快陷入困境,一***进行清算,其资产若清偿Salomon有担保的债券,则公司的其他无担保债权人7000英镑的债权就一无所获。无担保债权人声称,Salomon***实际上是同一人,***不可能欠他10000英镑的债,公司资产应该用来偿还这些无担保债权人的债。本案确立了一个重要的法律原则,即只要依照法律***,公司就具有独立法律人格,***的股份实质持于一位股东手中,即实质意义上的***亦具有独立的法律人格。
Salomon v. Salomon & Co.
House of Lords
Date decided: 1897
Lord Halsbury, Lord Herschell and Lord Macnaghten
Company Act 1862
Salomon v. Salomon & Co. Ltd (1896), [1897] A.C. 22 (H.L.) is a foundational decision of the House of Lords in the area of company law. The effect of the Lords' unanimous ruling was to firmly uphold the doctrine of corporate personality, as set out in the Companies Act 1862.
Background
Aron Salomon was a successful leather merchant who specialized in manufacturing leather boots. For many years he ran his business as a sole proprietor. By 1892, his sons had become interested in taking part in the business. Salomon decided to incorporate his business as a Limited company, Salomon & Co. Ltd.
At the time the legal requirement for incorporation was that at least seven persons subscribe as members of a company i.e. as shareholders. The shareholders 内容过长,仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览,全文请查看图片预览。 Criticism of the decision
Although Salomon's case is cited in court to this day, it has met with some criticism. For example, Kahn-Freund called the decision "calamitous" in his article published at [1944] 7 MLR 54. In that article, the author also called for the abolition of private companies.
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